Infectious Disease and Health Protection Agency Essay Example for Free

Infectious Disease and health Protection Agency EssayThe steering is divided into sections as follows component part 1Introduces contagion tone down and explains nonification instalment 2deals with general infection control procedures Section 3gives guidance on the management of bams Section 4describes specific infectious diseases Section 5 concern numbers and sources of information Section 6contains additive detailed information and a table of diseases Section 7contains guess assessments relevant to infection control Section 8 research sources, references and useful web sitesFurther information is gettable from the aliment Safety consultant at Leicestershire County Council and from the health Protection Agency East Midlands South. Contact numbers argon listed in Section 5. The aim of this document is to provide simple advice on the actions needed in the majority of situations likely to be encountered in social c be settings. It is indite in everyday language and drive homeed so that individual win areas rout out be easily copied for use as a single sheet. 1. 1 HOW ARE INFECTIONS convey? 1. 2 INFECTION CONTROL GUIDANCEInfection control forms part of our everyday lives, usu every last(predicate)y in the form of joint sense and basic hygiene procedures. Where large numbers of people come in contact with each opposite, the take chances of spreading infection increases. This is particularly so where people are in close contact and share eating and living accommodation. It is important to brook guidelines to protect service users, lag and visitors. Adopting these guidelines and standard infection control practices will minimise the spread of infectious diseases to everyone. External FactorsIf you or soulfulness in your immediate family has a Notifiable Disease such as rubeola (see 1. 3) or infection such as Impetigo, diarrhoea, vomiting or Scabies, please inform your line manager before plan of attack to work. If you regularly visit p eople in hospital please be aware of the potential essay of cross infection to yourself and the soulfulness you are visiting. Above all when dealing with service users and their families we must all remember we are dealing with people. There will be personal issues of privacy and sensitivity, which we must get across with tact and discretion at all cadences. What are Infection Control Practices?Infection control practices are ways that everyone (staff, service users volunteers) can prevent the transmission of infection from one person to another. They are practices which should be routinely adopted, at all times with every individual, on every occasion, regardless of whether or not that person is known to have an infection. 1. 2 INFECTION CONTROL GUIDANCE cont. include 1. 3 apprisal OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES A number of infectious diseases are statutorily notifiable under The Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984 and The Public Health (Infectious Diseases) Regulations 1988. There are three main reasons for such notification. So that control measures can be taken To monitoring device preventative programmes For surveillance of infectious diseases in order to monitor levels of infectious diseases and to detect outbreaks so that effective control measures can be taken. All doctors diagnosing or suspecting a case of either of the infectious diseases listed overleaf have a legal duty to composing it to the Proper Officer of the Local Authority, who is usually the adviser in Communicable Disease Control ground at the Health Protection Agency.Notification should be made at the time of clinical diagnosis and should not be delayed until laboratory confirmation is authoritative. Infections marked (T) should be notified by telephone to the Consultant in Communicable Disease Control (see Section 5) and confirmed by completion of a written notification form. 1. 3 NOTIFICATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES cont. Notifiable Diseases Acute encephalitis Paratyphoid(T) Acute poliomyelitisPlague(T) AnthraxRabies(T) Cholera(T)Relapsing Fever(T) Diphtheria(T) epidemic roseola Dysentry(T)Scarlet Fever Food poisoning orSmall Pox suspected food poisoning LeprosyTetanus Leptospirosis tebibyteMalariaTyphoid febricity(T) morbilliTyphus fever(T) Meningitis * (T)Viral haemorrhagic fever(T) Meningococcal septicaemia(T)Viral hepatitis ** (without meningitis) MumpsWhooping cough Opthalmia neonatorumYellow fever * meningococcal, pneumococcal, haemophilus influenzae, viral, other specified, unspecified ** Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B Hepatitis C, other (T)Please notify the Consultant in Communicable Disease Control or person on call for the Health Protection Agency by telephone. Other specific diseases are designated by the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 as Reportable Occupational Diseases e.g. Legionellosis. Please contact the Health Safety police squad for further information (see section 5 for details). 1. 3 NOTIFIC ATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES cont. Notification of suspected outbreaks An outbreak is defined as two or more cases of a condition related in time and location with suspicion of transmission. Prompt investigation of an outbreak and introduction of control measures depends upon early communication. Suspicion of any association between cases should prompt contact with the Health Protection Agency. 1. 4 IMMUNISATIONCOSHH requires that if a gamble assessment shows there to be a risk of exposure to biological agents for which vaccines exist, then these should be cristaled if the employee is not already immune. In practice, with Social Care Services, this generally amounts to care staff within the Mental Health and Learning Disabilities Services being offered Hepatitis B vaccination. Care home managers, after assessing risks, whitethorn also offer flu vaccination to staff and individual cases may indicate the need for immunisation in accepted circumstances. The pros and cons of immunis ation/non-immunisation should be explained when making the offer of immunisation.The Health Safety at Work Act 1974 requires that employees are not charged for protective measures such as immunisation. A few GPs will make vaccinations available free to Social Care workers but they are not obliged to do so and can charge at their discretion. Departmental funding for the provision of vaccine, through Occupational Health, is restricted and so it is rattling that only those to whom it is essential to provide immunisation are offered this service. The majority of staff will have received immunisation from childhood and have received the appropriate booster doses e. g. Tetanus, Rubella, Measles and Polio.However, it is important for the immunisation put forward of staff to be checked e. g. women of childbearing age should be protected against Rubella. Good practice and common sense should indicate that the immunisation state of staff is checked and appropriate action taken. If there is a potential risk of infection, change of work rotas or areas of responsibility can sometimes avoid the risk of contamination. Vaccination is not always the only course of action and in some cases staff may not agree to be vaccinated. 1. 4. 1 IMMUNISATION SCHEDULE Vaccine Age Notes D/T/P and Hib Polio 1st dose at 2 months2nd dose at 3 months 3rd dose at 4 months Primary Course Measles / Mumps / Rubella (MMR) 12 15 months Can be given at any age over 12 months patron DT and Polio, MMR second dose 3 5 years Three years after completion of firsthand course BCG 10 14 years or infancy Only offered to certain high risk groups after an initial risk assessment Booster Tetanus, Diphtheria and Polio 13 18 years Children should hence have received the following vaccines By 6 months3 doses of DTP, Hib and Polio By 15 monthsMeasles / Mumps / Rubella By school entry4th DT and Polio second dose of Measles / Mumps / RubellaBetween 10 14 yearsBCG (certain high risk groups only) Before loss school5th Polio and Tetanus Diphtheria (Td) Adults should receive the following vaccines Women sero-negative Rubella For Rubella Previously un-immunisedPolio, Tetanus, Diphtheria Individuals Individuals in high Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A, Influenza risk groupsPneumonococcal vaccine 1. 5 EXCLUSION FROM WORK The following table gives advice on the minimum point of expulsions from work for staff members suffering from infectious disease (cases) or in contact with a case of infection in their own homes (home contacts).Advice on work excisions can be seek from CCDC (Consultant in Communicable Disease Control) / HPN (Health Protection Nurse) / CICN (Community Infection Control Nurse) / EHO (Environmental Health Officer) or GP (General Practitioner) marginal elimination period Disease Period of Infectivity Case Home contact Chickenpox Infectious for 1-2 days before the plan of attack of symptoms and 6 days after rash appears or until lesions are crusted (if unyieldinger) 6 days fr om onset of rash none. Non-immune pregnant women should seek medical advice Conjunctivitis Until 48 hours after discussion Until discharge stops noneErythema infectiosum (slapped cheek syndrome) 4 days before and until 4 days after the onset of the rash Until clinically hale None. Pregnant women should seek medical advice Gastroenteritis (including salmonellosis and shigellosis) As pertinacious as organism is stage in sesss, but mainly while diarrhoea lasts Until clinically well and 48 hours without diarrhoea or vomiting. CCDC or EHO may advise a bulkyer period of exclusion CCDC or EHO will advise on local policy Glandular fever When symptomatic Until clinically well None Giardia lamblia While diarrhoea is endue Until 48 hours after first normal stoolNone Hand, foot and mouth disease As long as active ulcers are present 1 week or until open lesions are healed None Hepatitis A The incubation period is 15-50 days, average 28-30 days. Maximum infectivity occurs during the latte r half of the incubation period and continues until 7 days after distort appears 1 week after onset of jaundice None immunisation may be sure (through GP) HIV/AIDS For life None None 1. 5 EXCLUSION FROM WORK cont. Minimum exclusion period Disease Period of infectivity Case Home contact Measles Up to 4 days before and until 4 days after the rash appears4 days from the onset of the rash None Meningitis Varies with organism Until clinical recovery None Mumps Greatest infectivity from 2 days before the onset of symptoms to 4 days after symptoms appear 4 days from the onset of the rash None Rubella (German measles) 1 week before and until 5 days after the onset of the rash 4 days from the onset of the rash None Streptococcal sore throat and Scarlet fever As long as the organism is present in the throat, usually up to 48 hours after antibiotic is started Until clinically improved (usually 48 hours after antibiotic is started) NoneShingles Until after the last of the lesions are ironi cal Until all lesions are dry minimum 6 days from the onset of the rash None Tuberculosis Depends on part infected. Patients with open TB usually become non-infectious after 2 weeks of treatment In the case of open TB, until cleared by TB clinic. No exclusion necessary in other situations Will require medical follow-up Threadworm As long as eggs present on perianal skin None but requires treatment Treatment is necessary Typhoid fever As long as case harbours the organism Seek advice from CCDCSeek advice from CCDC Whooping cough 1 week before and until 3 weeks after onset of cough (or 5 days after the start of antibiotic treatment) Until clinically well, but check with CCDC None 1. 5 EXCLUSION FROM WORK cont. SKIN CONDITIONS Minimum exclusion period Disease Period of infectivity Case Home contact Impetigo As long as purulent lesions are present Until skin has healed or 48 hours after treatment started None. Avoid communion towels Head lice As long as lice or live eggs are presen t fend off until treated Exclude until treated Ringworm1. Tinea capitis (head) 2. Tinea corporis (body) 3. Tinea pedis (athletes foot) As long as active lesions are present As long as active lesions are present As long as active lesions are present Exclusion not always necessary until an epidemic is suspected None None None None None Scabies Until mites and eggs have been destroyed Until day after treatment is given None (GP should treat family) Verrucae (plantar warts) As long as wart is present None (warts should be covered with waterproof dressing for swimming and barefoot activities) None