Introduction Of International Business With Spain

Hallee Kroeker Ms. Nelson Introduction to International Business Cultures 26 April 2017 International Business with Spain Understanding the economic topics of Spain is important in deciding whether you should conduct international business with the country. The first topic to look at to look at could be the statistics on population in Spain. The country has a promising growth rate of .81% and it increasing yearly. An increasing growth rate is important in dealing business because it helps outside countries know what kind of jobs or infrastructure needs to be redone. In 2014, the reported number of live births per woman was 1.27. The majorities of the population in both male and female are between the ages of 30-50 years old, which makes†¦show more content†¦The geology is full of these resources and that makes it very attractive to foreign investors. This is a great country to invest in the mineral industry. Transportation, much like other developed countries, includes trains, cars, buses, and planes. If you’re planning to visit for business, be advised of what Spain’s modes of transportation is. Planes are used mostly to travel from city to city; buses offer better schedules and destinations; trains are more convenient and comfortable and are among the best systems in all of Europe. Along with the advances in transportation technology, Spain is also catching up with postindustrial countries in communication systems. These include internet users (38 million), mobile cellular telephone users (51 million) and telephone fixed lines (9 million) reported in 2017. When it comes to Spain and the working conditions, it is among the best in taking care of its employees in the world. The law states that the most a full-time employee can work is 40 hours a week. Full-time employees must be entitled to 22 days of paid holidays yearly, and receive 14 more days of holidays that aren’t included in the paid holidays. Unemployment benefits depend on how much said person has given in the past one hundred and eighty days to Social Secur ity prior to being unemployed. 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Comparing the Views of Plato and Abraham Lincoln on the...

Comparing the Views of Plato and Abraham Lincoln on the Civil War Lincoln believed that a system of government divided among itself was doomed for collapse; a house divided cannot stand. This philosophy earliest roots are evident in Platos masterpiece, The Republic. Socrates states that perfection, which he refers to as justice, in a governed body is harmony among all classes of people-The rebellious part is by nature the whole of vice.1 In order for the United States to survive as a nation, the government had to remain Federal. The southern establishment had to be brought back into the Union, or it had to be destroyed.2Although Socrates would agree with Lincolns motives for preserving the Union, he would not believe his means†¦show more content†¦At this point Lincoln and Plato would have both openly advocated declaring war upon the C.S.A. Plato would have fought the war with the attitude in mind that both sides will one day be reconciled?and wont always be at war.9 Lincoln on the other hand wanted to win the war in the shortest way under the Constitution.10 even if it meant laying waste to the entire southern civilization. War among civil factions, Plato believed, is only moderation among friends, continued only to the point at which those who caused it are forced to pay the penalty by those who were its innocent victims.11 As Civil War Historian Mark Grimsley concludes, Lincoln, backed by military leaders such as General William T. Sherman and General Sheridan, began to see the war as a cleansing of impurity, hidden behind a rhetoric of practicality.12 The Presidents military and domestic policiesShow MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesThis page intentionally left blank International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . 279 Violence and Crime in the Workplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 External Impacts on Human Resources—Legal Protections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Equal Employment Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Other Important Federal Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Affirmative Action and Comparable Worth . . . . . . . . . 285 xii Contents Sexual Harassment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesINFLUENCE 279 280 SKILL ASSESSMENT 280 Diagnostic Surveys for Gaining Power and Influence Gaining Power and Influence 280 Using Influence Strategies 281 SKILL LEARNING 283 Building a Strong Power Base and Using Influence Wisely 283 A Balanced View of Power 283 Lack of Power 283 Abuse of Power 285 Strategies for Gaining Organizational Power 286 The Necessity of Power and Empowerment 286 Sources of Personal Power 288 Sources of Positional Power 293 Transforming Power into Influence 298 Influence

Dionysus

Dionysus- some ideas Essay February 5, 2001Within all the text in the Dionysus section the universal theme I found is that the characters were punished by fate for no apparent reason. In one pivotal moment in each story, the innocent character loses free will and henceforth is steered by merciless fate. In the myth of Diana and Actaeon, Actaeon has committed no crime but is punished as if he had. His seeing Diana bathing was the work of fate. As a matter of fact, Hughes reinforces this belief in the first paragraph of the story when he states, Destiny, not guilt, was enough for Actaeon. It is no crime to lose your way in the dark wood (Hughes 97). It is perfectly clear that it was purely fate guiding this story. Actaeon was Steered by pitiless fate- whose nudgings he felt only as surges of curiosity (Hughes 99). At this point one can see that Actaeon has completely lost his free will. It is no longer his decision whether to not go further in the cave. From here on, fate takes control of his life. The only character that has gained a form of justice from this encounter is Diana. By disposing of Actaeon, she won back her purity- the essence of her virginity. This purity she had lost when Actaeon saw her exposed. Her only means of regaining her chastity is by ridding herself of Actaeon . In comparison, there is no justice in this tale for Actaeon. He was simply a victim of fate, which put him in the wrong place at wrong time. The strongest moral of the myth of Diana and Actaeon is that fate carries no preferences. Actaeon committed no crime; he did nothing to anger the gods. Fate catches up to all people regardless of the manner in which they chose to live their lives. Ovid could have used this myth as a basis for explaining to his people why even the innocents suffer in life. However, I found that the morals of this myth are as beauty is to the eyes of a beholder. For example, another one of the possible morals I came up with is that the hunter became the hunted. Diana, being the goddess of the hunt had the power to show Actaeon what it was like to be the hunted. This is brutally demonstrated when Actaeons own dogs, which were so peculiarly described (practically all of page 101 is dedicated to the description of these dogs), hunt Actaeon down and ravenously tear him to pieces. This idea of Actaeons own hunting tools helping to hunt him down is further emphasized when Actaeons friends and fellow hunters take part in the hunt. Actaeon found himself wishing to be at the other end of the rope. And he wished he were as far off as they thought him. He wished he were among them not suffering his death but observing (Hughes 103). There is another aspect of the readings that I just noticed and found interesting anough to mention. It is constant theme of physical transformations that are present in each story. In the tale of Europa, Zeus transforms himself into a bull, in Cadmus; Minerva transforms the soil and Dragons teeth into men, in Actaeon; he himself is transformed into a stag, in Semele; Juno transforms herself into an old woman, and finally Tiresias transforms himself into a woman and then back to a man. Most of these transformations involve gods and most serve to teach the characters a lesson. I found these interesting enough to note because transformations can be thought of as being used to conquer foes and to escape difficult situations; they are a means of expressing power. People fear change and the metamorphosis of the characters in these stories represents this change. Perhaps showing these transformations in myths (thereby showing the powerfulness of the gods) were a way of scaring the public i nto fearing and never doubting or disobeying the gods?

Sartre`s Existentialism Essays (261 words) - Modernism,

Sartre`s Existentialism Sartre's essay on existentialism was relatively an easy reading mostly because of his frequent use of examples. His ideas on existentialism are in a way backed up and explained through his examples. Morality and the responsibility of maintaining morality through free will seem to be the predominant point Sarte wants us to understand. He explains the reasons through existentialism. There are basically two types of existentialism: Christian and atheistic. They both believe that existence precedes essence. Sarte believes in the atheistic approach and therefore believes in man's free will. Sarte states that man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. Man will be what he will have planned to be not what he will want to be. Man is able to do whatever he wants according to the free will approach. However, Sarte believes that man is responsible for far more than just himself. Man's responsibility encompasses all men. Ideally, I feel that this is a morally good concept. Suppose before we throw a piece of garbage out the car window we ask ourselves what it would be like if everybody threw garbage out the window. Then we decide not to because we would then live in a huge garbage dump. I'm mostly in agreement with the ideas expressed by Sarte. Like Ponge said"man is the future of man." We all should be more aware of our broader responsibilities, not just our individual ones. If we do that then this world would be a much better place to live in. Quietism is a concept I do not agree with. Sarte's emphasis on action is a good one. I do believe that nothing ventured is nothing gained.

Holding On free essay sample

A soft contemporary gospel graced the air as the youth pastor began his monologue to the audience of teenagers. They raised their hands in both anticipation and in attempt to grasp the words as they left the delicate speech of the pastor, his young face glowing a slight pink as his emotions filled him with spirit. I couldn’t grasp exactly what he said, or rather I do not remember his words, but I could tell from the mumblings of the crowd and the swaying motion of the musicians that whatever this man said it could be translated as â€Å"sermon†. What I do remember of the service was the slick hardwood beneath my fingers as I pressed them against the seat of the booth I sat in. As the hands of the audience raised higher, I sank my fingers into the seat, as if in fear that I would float away with the music drifting through the stuffy air. We will write a custom essay sample on Holding On or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ever since, and even before, I came out, I have dealt with the fact that no matter what church I go to, even in my home church, there will always be someone there who believes I’m choosing the painful card I was dealt, and who believes that because of this unlucky fate I will be thrown into eternal torture. Luck of the draw, I suppose. Yet this sentiment is found even outside a religious setting. What I’ve found throughout my journey is when you’re Queer, in gender identity, sexuality, or both, the church becomes a constant opponent in the matter of both civil rights and protections, to simple tasks such as buying clothes and ordering coffee. The simple micro-aggressions experienced in every waking hour, such as those around you refusing to use the correct pronoun or name, or being the topic of debate among friends and classmates, take a toll on a person mentally and emotionally. It becomes harder to trust others, and harder to create expectations, when the reli gious views of individuals are treated as more relevant than your state of being. For these reasons, unknown places of worship such as the many conservative churches in our area have become my least favorite places. The moment you walk into such a place, it’s as if the air itself stops circulating and you. You feel your lungs exhale slowly, desperately trying to release the tension built up from the many mental rehearsals of confrontations both theological and physical. The videos of pastors screeching about homosexual demons and perverse cross-dressing abominations swirl in your mind as you try to read the faces of those around you, and determine who is an enemy and who is safe to talk to. This paranoia causes your cheeks to flush and your body to flinch at each interaction. You see beyond the smiling faces, you tell yourself, and look deeper into the societal prejudice they hold for you though they may not know it themselves. This feeling of suspicion and as what I can only describe as â€Å"prejudicial security† is present each time I visit a church that is not my own. I can distinguish the faces of my home church far easier than the faces of a foreign church. This has become the reason why I despise the visiting of churches in our area. When I accompany a friend to their church, whether it be Non-Denominational or Pentecostal, the air in the sanctuary is suffocating as if the exhale of each congregate steals the oxygen from your body. Every sense your body detects becomes detestable. The smell of burning candles and fresh paint infests your nose, causing you to cough uncontrollably. Eucharist wine and small pieces of bread become poison that decimates your immune system, to where every word said to you infects your insides. Your ears bleed at the sound of members speaking in tongues. The feel of the padded pew or slick balcony seat absorbs your finger tips, turning from red to white. It’s astounding to me, who is so affected by the presence of toxic religion, that I still wish to pursue Seminary and form my major around the study of God. It has made me question my way of thinking about God, and if the traditions I was exposed to as a child, and still now, hold a light to how God truly is. Is my God a vengeful entity who damns the oppressed? Does my God conform to a patriarchal society that condemns those who do not fit the typical gender binary? Was Christ sent to save the world from my God? These questions of theology and morality that I had left unquestioned and unchecked as a child have now seized my waking thought; was everything I was taught about God and Jesus Christ wrong? Through many conversations and exploring of liberation theology, I have found that my God is a God who embodies the oppressed. My God values diversity and created such differences among creation for a reason. My God, who exists as the spiritual form of the ostracized and forsaken, by definition is the face of the oppressed itself. My Christ, being the son of God, must therefore be the embodiment of the forsaken in the flesh, existing as a Queer person of color whom history has lost to the white-washed, cisgendered, hetero-normalized, structure of modern society. After coming to these conclusions, I’ve realized that I have made a large step forward to a more confident and more actualized version of myself. The fear of a toxic worship slips from my mind as Rev. Jessica Hawkinson, a holy and kind person who welcomed me to join the Lux Theological Institute for Youth at Monmouth College, stands before a modest podium with a colorful cloth gently draped over it. Her voice is soothing and calm as she welcomes the sixteen other students surrounding me to the Institute, and her eyes fill with tears as she speaks, causing my vision to shake as I began to cry myself. The Rev. Chuck Goodman, a compassionate and enthusiastic pastor from Springfield who was invited to help deliver the sacraments and lead worship for the youth, invites all who sit before the podium to touch the water in the wide clear blue basin sitting upon the table. The sixteen other student surround the basin, lightly dipping a hand or finger into the water. I stand at the back, grasping the shoulder my friend Ellie. I’m still fighting back tears as a picture is taken of everyone at the basin. I can be seen grasping Ell ie’s shoulder, holding on to her soft skin. My fingers quake as Rev. Goodman continues to speak. I eventually let go, letting myself drift with his words through the stuffy air.

Washing up liquid advert Essay Example

Washing up liquid advert Essay Example Washing up liquid advert Essay Washing up liquid advert Essay This essay is going to discuss the Fairy Aromatics washing up liquid advert. The advert is to promote the new fragrances and bottle shape that Fairy has recently introduced.  This advert does not have a narrative. Instead it just uses a series of bright, eye-catching images in modern colours to make you remember the advert, and hopefully the product too.  The advert is in three main parts, one to advertise each of the three new fragrances. The first part shows a woman with short hair in her early thirties falling back on to the petals of a giant pink flower, the same colour as the new spring fresh liquid. She breathes in the scent of the product with a relaxed and happy expression on her face, and then demonstrates the product by washing a plate, which comes out of the water sparkling and clean. The screen then cuts to the second character, a young man, who slides down a giant spiral apple. He also appears relaxed and happy, and is obviously having fun. There is then a special effect, as there is a cube rotation to link the end of this shot with the next. The last character is a young woman, this time with longer hair but approximately the same age, who is bathing under a giant lemon half. She massages her hair and appears relaxed and refreshed as she stands under the shower. At the end of the advert the screen is divided into thirds, each showing an object to represent on of the fragrances. Each third then goes through an open door rotation to reveal a bottle of the product in each of the fragrances corresponding with the object in the shot before. The shot at near the beginning of the advert where the first woman is washing up is quite realistic, although everything is very clean in comparison to how you would usually expect it to be. However, the rest of advert is quite surreal as it features people interacting with giant fruits and flowers. There are three characters used in this advert, two women and one man, each one specifically endorsing one of the new fragrances on offer. We can see from the choice of characters that Fairy is trying to appeal to a larger target audience than before. Traditionally on the Fairy adverts we see a woman with a young child, who is probably slightly older than the characters used here. Now they have chosen to include a token man in the advert as well, showing that they are attempting to include men in their new target audience. They still however show a woman actually doing the washing up rather than a man, which is quite stereotypical. The fact that they show more women in the advert rather than men shows that they still want the product to appeal more to women, as usually it is still the woman that actually goes out shopping to buy household things like washing up liquid. The chosen characters in this advert are all being used as role models for the audience. The first woman in particular seems to be the perfect housewife. Her kitchen is spotlessly clean, and her hair and make-up is done beautifully, even though she has only been cooking the dinner. When she washes the plate, it requires no effort for them to become brilliantly clean and sparkling. She has the kind of stereotypical television lifestyle that many people would love to have. As people want to be like her, they will also want the things she has, like the washing up liquid. When she washes the plate, the light focuses on this rather than her, as it shows the wonderful result the product has achieved, and draws your attention to it. Throughout the shots she appears in, her facial expression always shows confidence and relaxation. When she falls back on to the flower she closes her eyes and her body language is open as her arms are held out away from her body. This shows her confidence, and also shows she is relaxed in this situation. Her expression also shows hints of luxury as she falls on to the petals. In this shot the light is focused on her face so these feelings are conveyed to the audience. The next shot, the close up on her face, helps to reinforce these messages. The next character, the man, also shows an expression of confidence and happiness. Again, his body language is open as he holds his arms up and out to the sides as he slides down the apple with the camera tracking him. As the shot changes from the first woman to him, the music also changes slightly, but not dramatically. A guitar is added into the instruments already used, which gives it a slightly more masculine sound to the melody. It also adds a more fresh sound to the music as the focus changes from the floral fragrance to the apple one. It is subtle but helps the scenes flow smoothly from one to another. To make the next transition smooth, a cube rotation is used to link to the next scene of the woman bathing under the lemon half. The camera starts focused on the lemon, but then tilts down to a medium shot of the womans face. She appears relaxed and refreshed as she massages her hair under the shower, and the light focuses on her face. The camera then cuts to a shot looking up at her from below. This makes her seem like a role model, as she appears higher up than the audience and you are looking up to her example and how relaxed and happy she looks from buying this product.  All three of the characters appear happy to be associated with the washing up liquid. The bright, modern colours used in the advert, with the young characters make the advert appealing to the younger audience. The advert attempts to make washing up seem cool at a time when there is so much competition with dishwashers.

Compassionate Care in Cancer Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compassionate Care in Cancer Management - Essay Example Compassionate care is an approach to treatment that aims to address the various issues affecting the lives of terminally ill individuals by improving their quality of life. Medical physicians and other healthcare personnel work to reduce any pain and discomfort and to make any other specific symptoms affecting these patients more manageable. This care is provided within an environment that the patients feels the most comfortable though they may be taken to hospital in the event any serious medical crisis occurs requiring specialized treatment. An important aspect of compassionate care is the provision of spiritual and psychological support to the terminally ill patients. These people have terminal diseases that are incurable and therefore have a limited time to live. As such, they suffer many psychological problems such as the feelings of grief, anger, anxiety, and sorrow because of the various diseases they have and the changes that have occurred in their lives because of those illnesses. In addition, they might feel a sense of guilt due to the feeling they are placing a large burden on their families, especially financial burden as the treatment of these diseases is very costly. Providing psychological and spiritual support to these patients is very important as it helps to address the various questions and concerns that they might have and to offer comfort as their lives draw closer to an end. It also helps those left behind to cope with the loss of the loved ones who have passed on. Erving Goffman established an important perspective to understand further the symbolic interaction perspective through the dramaturgical approach (Ditton, 78).

International Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Politics - Essay Example To this the constructivists argue that customs, culture and ideas principally determine the awareness of the world that we live in. The distinctiveness and welfare of a state can be molded by ideas and this serves to have more or less lasting effects on international relations. Conflicts emerge from fundamental and controlling outcomes of standards and shared hopes, distinctiveness, culture and social processes (Baylis & Smith, 2005). The notion of liberalism maintains that in order to determine the behavior of the state, it is important to consider the state’s preferences, and does not accept the capabilities of the state for these purposes, which differ from one state to another. They are mainly dependent on the culture, economic system and the type of the government in each state. (International relations). Proponents of the dependency theory assert that all the third – world countries are not poverty stricken. In the past, these countries had been rich, but they the colonial regime exploited and impoverished them. The powerful first-world nations compelled the third world countries to integrate into the mainstream of the world economy, which rendered their economy subservient to the insatiable needs of the colonial regimes of the first-world nations. These countries were unable to satisfy the needs of their society, due to the compulsions of their colonial masters. The wealthy and industrially developed countries dominated the global economy, and were never exploited by colonialism. (The IR Theory Knowledge Base). Functionalism deals with the functionality of organizations in terms of their purposes and tasks. Most international organizations were developed to address several problems, purposes, tasks and demands. Therefore, theorists argue that the growth of these organizations was mainly based on their responsibility to sort out these issues that could arise from time to time. The neo  ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œ functionalism

Shifting Genres Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Shifting Genres - Essay Example Peter answered the man by telling him they were going to Fargo in U.S.A. shockingly the man told them that they must be joking because they can not survive in that place since it is too cold. The man laughed, but Peter Dut did not know the reason beyond the laughter. Having lived at Kakuma refugee camp the boys had not experienced cold climate since Kakuma is 1000C. By that time, the temperature in Fargo had dropped below 150C. The boys had only experienced cold from a frozen bottle of water given to them by aid worker in the refuge camp. Peter and his brothers belong to a number of 10,000 boys in Kakuma refugee camp from Sudan, who went to seek refuge in 1992 during the civil war in the southern part. The lost boys were given names after Peter Pan’s orphan’s posse. A report from America showed that over 17,000 boys left Sudan and separated from their families in 1987 during the war. They fled to Ethiopia and then back to Sudan then finally to Kenya. They arrived in Kenya parentless, homeless and throng having walked over 1,000 miles. The boys were between the age 8 and 18 from the Dinka tribe. Many of the boys did not know their age and the aid workers gave them ages depending on their sizes. On the way to the camp, the number of boys reduced by half. Most of the boys died on the way because they were attacked by bandits, lions, swept away by river water and others attacked by crocodile. After living in a camp for 9 years without being governed the three brothers’ decided to move to America. The boys in the refugee camps were sponsored by the UN to study in America while others were to be released to start their own live because after five years they were 21 years. The time when the three brothers were to land in Fargo, snow was flowing in the streets and roads. Later, Peter with his brothers, Riak, 15 and Maduk 17, arrived at their home apartment which was fully furnished by the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Engineering Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Engineering Essay Even though high performance liquid chromatography is a widely used technique for extractions of analytes in many classes, SFC has clear advantages over it. In HPLC a substantial amount of organic solvent is generated with each extraction, which then needs to be disposed. However, the disposal of the organic solvents is expensive at $5 $10 per gallon, whereas SFC uses considerably less or no organic solvent which leads to a decrease in analysis costs [1]. In replacement of organic solvents an inert environmentally friendly mobile phase is used, often carbon dioxide which can be collected from the atmosphere, as it is energy efficient in the isolation of the desired products [2]. Also without the use organic solvents the product is more concentrated compared to HPLC where the solvent must be evaporated, without the need to evaporate any solvent there is a reduction in energy and labour costs [2]. SFC is similar to gas chromatography (GC) in that it has a lower viscosity and higher diffusion coefficient than HPLC which allows for quicker, more efficient separations as it more effective at entering porous solid materials than liquid solvents. The separation time can be cut down from hours or days to a few tens of minutes [3]. As seen in Table 1, supercritical fluids lie between liquids and gases, which allows for SFC to use features of both HPLC and GC. Due to supercritical fluids having gas like and liquid like density it has a greater solvating power so SFC has a larger molecular range which includes non-volatile molecules which methods like GC do not include [1, 4]. Also, unlike GC which does not analyse thermally unstable compounds, SFC is able to due to the low critical temperatures of supercritical fluids such as carbon dioxide (31oC) [1] ; an advantage of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide is that it has a varied solvating strength that allows for selective extractions [5]. Along with this by altering the temperature and/or pressure it is possible to achieve higher selectivity. The range of detectors is also wider for SFC compared to GC or HPLC this is because in SFC the mobile phase can be liquid or gas like, so GC and HPLC detectors can be used [1]. For example SFC with flame ionization detection (FID) can provide quantification of resolved materials with a sensitivity of 0.1 ng [4]. Due to the range of detectors available for SFC and the low critical temperature of the carbon dioxide mobile phase, the detection and analysis of thermally labile compounds has been successful [3, 5]. Another advantage SFC has over HPLC is separation of chiral compounds, in HPLC the process is very time consuming, in SFC however, due to the lower viscosity of the supercritical fluids, the chiral separation can be run at a flow rate of up to 5 times faster than that of the HPLC all while avoiding pressure build up. The higher flow rate of SFC consequently means that the productivity is higher than HPLC methods [2]. When used in large scale extractions, fluid carbon dioxide can be recycled and then reused this minimize the amount of waste generated [3]. Property Gas Supercritical Fluid Liquid Density g/cm3 (0.6-2) x 10-3 0.2-0.5 0.6-1.6 Diffusion Coefficient cm2/s (1-4) x 10-1 10-3-10-4 (0.2-2) x 10-5 Viscosity g cm-1 s-1 (1-3) x 10-4 (1-3) x 10-4 (0.2-3) x 10-2Table 1: Comparison of Properties of Supercritical Fluids, Liquids and Gases [1] Due to the fact that SFC has features of both GC and HPLC, SFC has diversity in the columns that can be used which are either open tubular (GC) or packed (HPLC). In packed column SFC by choosing suitable column dimensions and particle size [6], this can cause an increase in the number of theoretical plates (over 100,000) [2, 6]. Further advantage is SFC is very clean; mobile phase contaminants are usually trace quantities of other gases. The mobile phase is very free of dissolved oxygen and is not particularly reactive and the mobile phase is easily and rapidly removed [2]. A disadvantage of using carbon dioxide as the mobile phase is it does not elute very polar or ionic compounds; this is overcome by using an organic modifier. However, there are some disadvantages of SFC these include that if molecules are highly polar they are not soluble in the mobile phase. Usually SFC only moves a small amount of a large specimen onto the column Limited availability However, these limitations have been overcome through instrumental modifications that more appropriately address purifications of micro-scale and nano-scale quantities of physiological molecules. More sophisticated 2D systems (2D-SFC) allow for the interfacing of 2 SFC columns having different column coatings or packing and thus provide for orthogonal separation capabilities [2]. Instrumentation used in SFC Originally, SFC instruments were based on HPLC designs with some modifications, however now the design includes a pumping system, modifier module, post-column nozzle and a separator detector [2]. The mobile phase in SFC is pumped as a liquid and then heated up past supercritical temperature until it reaches the supercritical region. The mobile phase passes through the injection valve before the sample is introduced, which carries the sample into the analytical column. To ensure the mobile phase stays supercritical, pressure restrictors are placed at the sides of the detector or at the end of the column. The pressure restrictors are heated as too avoid clogging [7]. As SFC uses a supercritical fluid as mobile phase, there are two possible types of column setup; one setup is HPLC like which consist of two reciprocating pumps these allow the mobile phase to mix and the introduction of a modifier, a packed column which are placed in an oven the detector used is an optical detector and the pressure and flow rates can be controlled separately [7]. Packed column SFC has recently become popular again over the past decade due to drug discovery and the pharmaceutical industry, as it offers the use of an environmentally friendly mobile phase, carbon dioxide, decrease in waste generation and provides purified materials even on a large scale, when used for drug discovery packed SFC is usually coupled with a mass spectrometer detector [2, 8]. In SFC there are lower eluent viscosity and higher diffusion coefficient which as a result lead to an increase in efficiency and a shorter separation time, the low viscosity causes only slight pressure drops which in tu rn allows for the flow rate to be quicker (3-5 mL min-1) compared to that of HPLC (typically ~1 mL min-1) [1, 8]. The other column setup is capillary SFC which is an extension of GC that includes a syringe pump and a capillary column inside a GC oven with a restrictor with a flame ionisation detector (FID), however, in capillary SFC the flow rate of the pump controls the pressure of the system [6, 7]. Other detection methods are also used for capillary SFC one method is Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry. Capillary SFC is used for high separation power and is more suited for fluids with low density. However, capillary columns have some limitations these include sample loading capacity, detection limits and quantitation [6, 7]. As mentioned FID is mostly used for capillary SFC, although in certain cases FID can be used with packed column SFC when a non-flammable mobile phase is used. However, the mobile phase that is used is usually carbon dioxide which requires an organic modifier to deactivate any unbounded silanol groups in the stationary phase [10] thus causing the mobile phase to become flammable this in turn causes a high background signal and a loss of sensitivity. Alternatively, modifiers like esters or lower alcohols can be used in packed column SFC in order to improve the elution of polar compounds [9]. However, to avoid the use of modifiers, open-tubular capillary columns can be used, since silanol groups are not present in the stationary phase [10]. Compared to capillary columns, packed columns display higher efficiency per unit time; also separations can be transported directly from analytical or preparative liquid chromatography (LC) to SFC. Moreover, a standard liquid chromatograph can easily be converted into a supercritical fluid chromatograph [11]. It has was found that certain separations that were developed on a 50 ÃŽÂ ¼m i.d. capillary column can be repeated with the same or better performance on a 1 mm i.d. (microbore) packed column. The packed column system has the additional advantage of yielding excellent peak area precision. It is also shown that the combination of water and formic acid is an effective modifier for CO2 which can be used with FID [6]. A study using the water and formic acid modifier was conducted by H. E. Schwartz et al. formic acid is used as it has low background noise and therefore is more favourable, however another problem arises when using this modifier and that large gradient humps appeared during the run, these were most probably because of organic impurities in formic acid. A way round this problem is that water is added to the carbon dioxide via the use of an aquafier system, the aquafier system used by H. E. Schwartz et al. was a 15 cm x 4.6 mm i.d. silica column (100-200 mesh) that was saturated with ca. 40% w/w water. The column was placed between the pump outlet and injection valve. A test mixture of the formic acid and water modifier was performed by H. E. Schwartz et al. and prodcued the chromatogram as seen in Figure 1[6]. Figure 1 Chromatogram of a test mixture of formic acid/water/CO2 mobile phase. Peak identification (from left to right): n-eicosane, anthraquinone, n-triacontane, tocopherol acetate, cholesterol [6]. In Figure 1 the baseline rises this was due to the pressure program used, however due to the addition of water to the mobile phase which prevented the accumulation of formic acid on the head of the column no hump is visible. In Figure 1 it can also be seen that all the peaks have good shape and resolution even for the more polar compounds like anthraquinone, tocopherol acetate and cholesterol [6]. Mobile phases and stationary phases used in SFC In SFC the density of the mobile phase is about 200-500 times greater to that in gas chromatography. Compounds with high molecular weights are not usually detectable in gas chromatography, however with the density of the mobile phase being greater they can therefore be chromatographed [12]. A wide range of compounds have been tested for use as SFC mobile phases, however, a variety of these required special conditions, and would therefore not be suitable. This resulted in carbon dioxide CO2 being used as it was easily obtainable, low cost and safe [13], along with the critical temperature being 31oC and critical pressure being 73.8 atm [14]. A problem with CO2 as a mobile phase in a packed column is that if CO2 mobilizes a species then there is a possibility that the compound will be irreversibly adsorbed onto the column, this is because of the high activity of most sorbents, this does not happen in capillary SFC as inert fused silica open-tubular column are used. To avoid adsorption onto the column, surface activity needs to be decreased; this has been achieved by using modifiers [14]. There are two main reasons why modifiers are added to the mobile phase, first is that only a small amount of modifier is added in order to deactivate the sorbent active sites, second is when the modifier is added in higher concentrations (level of modifier needed is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥1%)it improves the solubility of the analyte in the mobile phase [14]. One problem with using modifiers is they have a high response when a FID is used; this high response causes an increase in the baseline. The alternative to using FID which helps relieve this problem is the use of a ultra-violet absorption detector, although it is not as applicable to organic compounds compared to FID [14]. This is only true for packed SFC, as when capillary SFC is used most separations are done using only CO2, which is compatible with FID. Having only CO2 as the solid phase can cause slight defects on the chromatograms such as very broad peaks and not well resolved, as well as longer retention times, this is solved by adding a small amount of water to the mobile phase, hence improving the peaks and decreasing the retention time [12]. Modifiers which can be used with the mobile phase include methanol, acetonitrile, chloroform and formic acid. Methanol is the most popular modifier being used in both packed and capillary SFC, even though the addition of water speeds up elution of polar compounds in capillary SFC [12]; methanol has a greater effect when used with silica-packed columns [14]. The solubility of methanol, acetonitrile and chloroform in CO2 was studied by K. L. Maguire and R. B. Denyszyn, they found out that when the pressure is below 90 for methanol/CO2 there was little effect on solubility, but when raised above 90 there was a substantial increase. Acetonitrile/CO2 had very little pressure dependence but small temperature dependence. Finally, chloroform/CO2 both pressure and temperature had a small effect on solubility, when either was raised the solubility of chloroform increased [14]. Research by G. L. Pariente and P. R. Griffiths showed when carboxylic acid groups were present in the analyte the retention time was greatly increased while still using CO2 mobile phase. The cause of this could be due to that the solubility of these polar molecules is low and the solvation is not great enough to overcome the strong hydrogen bonds. The alternative mobile phase used was chlorofluorocarbon (CCl2F2), in comparison to CO2 which had a capacity factor greater than 20 for isophthalic acid; CCl2F2 had a capacity factor of 3.9. These results suggest that CCl2F2 has sufficient free energy of solvation to overcome the hydrogen bonds [14]. Even though CO2 ­ is the most extensively used mobile phase it is no more polar than hexane [15], so alternatives including CCl2F2 have been investigated, however the critical temperatures must not be too high as one of the main advantages of SFC is that elution can take place at mild temperatures. Another example is ammonia (NH3), as it possesses a high dipole moment and relatively low critical temperature, however supercritical NH3 reacts with siloxane linkages and when left for an extended time the siloxane stationary phase for capillary SFC breaks down too [14]. Therefore, a more useful way of eluting polar compounds is CO2  ­and the use of a modifier [15]. For packed SFC more or less all of the stationary phases used in HPLC are used in SFC, most of these are silica-based, chemically bonded or encapsulated, or polymeric [8]. Evaluation of stationary phases of SFC was originally carried out by Schoenmakers et al. this was however, only done using pure CO2 as the mobile phase, and certain phases did not perform well, if a modifier was used these phases would have performed better. When CO2 and a modifier is used as a mobile phase the stationary phase also becomes modified in that both CO2 ­ and the modifier adsorb onto the stationary phase. Depending on the stationary phase depends on the level of adsorption, for CO2 all phases adsorb the same but more polar phases adsorb more modifier than less polar phases. This causes the stationary phase to become more polar than the mobile phase, which in turn will cause polar solutes to interact more with stationary phase increasing retention time. Other stationary phases that have been studied include octadecylsiloxane-bonded silica (ODS), cyanopropylsiloxane- bonded silica, divinylbenzene-ODS, polydimethylsiloxane and porous graphitic carbon (PGC) stationary phases in supercritical [8]. In capillary SFC a problem arises in that normal GC stationary phases dissolve in the supercritical fluid mobile phase as they have a high solvating power. In order to correct the problem a non-extractable stationary phase is needed, examples of this are bonded phase where the stationary phase is attached to the column to surface groups via covalent bonds and cross linked phase where polymer chains within the stationary phase are attached to each other. In order to create non-extractable stationary phase, the process of coating must be undertaken, there are two types of coating, dynamic and static. The most favoured for SFC is static, as dynamic can lead to poor column efficiency and a thick stationary phase is not possible. In static coating the stationary phase is first dissolved in supercritical fluid and forced into the column, to avoid the removal of the phase cross link phase is used as it occurs between the polymers and not between polymer and substrate, and therefore can be applied to glass and fused silica columns [16]. Conclusion

Leadership purpose reflective essay Essay

?After watching this interview, I feel that a well defined leadership purpose statement is the distinction between a good leader and a great leader. Carolyn McKnight’s interview on leadership purpose statements really opened my eyes to the power of these statements, and the time and energy one needs to put into creating a leadership purpose statement. At first it seemed that completing a statement this powerful would be a very daunting task. After watching Mrs. McKnight’s interview, I am confident in my ability to come up with a statement, and that I will have the courage to follow through with it. The most significant thing in a true leadership purpose statement is authenticity according to Mrs. McKnight. Webster’s defines authenticity as† real or genuine†. Taking this and Mrs. McKnight’s statements into account I took a minute to think about how authentic I am. I realized that I know myself well enough to know where my strengths and weaknesses lie. Another aspect of my life that makes me believe in my authenticity is that many people have told me they value my opinions. This is because I always tell them exactly how it is even when I know it is not what they want to hear. With this knowledge I am able to establish creditability and responsiveness with other people. The question was asked â€Å"How do you begin to determine leadership purpose? † Mrs. McKnight gave several examples of what one can do to find this. â€Å"What is the root of my life? † was one question she brought up that can help you find a purpose. I immediately identified the roots of my life as hard work, determination, and dedication. I attribute all my success in my life to these three principles. I started to think about failures that I have had in my life. It made me wonder if I would be able to find a place where I got off course and did not apply one of these principles. Another statement that stood out to me under this question was â€Å"Find what gives you meaning. † My achievements are what give me meaning. I learned more about why I feel this way after I took the Strenghts Finder assessment. It pointed out that I was an â€Å"Achiever† and could not be satisfied at the end of the day without feeling that I had achieved something. Every goal that I accomplish makes me feel more confident and more ambitious about what else I can achieve. Out of the examples she gave these are the two I think that will help me determine my leadership purpose statement. The part of the interview that discussed people struggling with conflict, with their leadership purpose was something that I really focused on. Early on in the interview an example was given that an â€Å"acorn will become an oak†. When the subject of struggle comes up Mrs. McKnight ensures us of this fact and mentions to not fight it. She goes on to talk about all the people pleasing we do throughout our lives. This was a huge eye opener to me because I notice my need to please people, like my family. This causes conflict with the telling it straight attitude that I try to maintain with the people in my life. When I find myself trying too hard to please people, I lose some authenticity and it weakens my purpose. She stated that we really need to find what we want and not what other people want for us. I can see myself struggling with this as I develop my leadership purpose statement. I liked that she mentioned having the courage to follow what you deeply want. To me, people who can follow a path to what they want while sticking to it through the good times and the bad are really courageous. Emotional intelligence was another key area brought up in the interview. The three areas that were brought up under this topic are self awareness, social awareness and self regulation. Our text book offers another interesting point that supports Mrs. McKnight’s insights. The text book says that mental intelligence will get you into a management position but it stops being helpful after entry into that position. A leader needs to have good emotional intelligence to continue to lead. Self awareness has to do with my purpose and I am working towards finding that in this class. I know that I worry about how other people perceive me but I do not think that is the same thing as recognizing it, which is social awareness. I think that I will have to spend some time mastering the first two elements of emotional intelligence before I can work on self regulation. I do not know how I can stick to a path and make corrections to get back to it, until I have established a clear path. There were some interesting comments made about behaviors that help us get closer to our purpose. A reflective practice of checking in twice a day was brought up. I thought about how I might do this and I know that I would struggle with this significantly. I worry about how honest I would be with myself, so I would have to check in with my wife or a close friend that will keep honest with my feelings. I would have never thought that some kind of physical activity would help me get closer to my purpose. After hearing Mrs. McKnight talk about these practices I can see how it would help. A great example of a physical activity that can help you is the one Mrs. Enders gave on how posture and stance help the way people perceive you as a leader. I hunch over, it is mainly because I am tall and do not like being overly imposing to others. It is something that I can work on physically that might help me with my purpose. The examples of purpose statements that were given were amazing. I think that the statement â€Å"I am a drop of water, flowing peacefully, showing love carving deep canyons out of granite† was an insightful statement. I think this will stay with me for a long time not because of how insightful I found it but because of the story that went with it. The fact that the CEO was able to recognize that he was not following his statement and quit his job in order to find a path back to it, was very inspirational. I want to have that kind of courage and belief in my purpose statement and I will think of this story heavily, while I am creating it. After watching this interview a few times in preparation for this paper, it really helped me get a grasp on the concept of a leadership purpose statement. This interview has given me a good set of tools for not only creating a good purpose statement, but knowing how to stay true to it, and knowing how to deal with obstacles I will face while trying to live by it. By taking the time to reflect on this interview I started to learn more about a subject I have not spent much time on; Myself.

Regional Airlines Case Study

Case 2: Regional Airlines Case 2: Regional Airlines Case Introduction A+ for effort, Customer Service Pays for Itself In an extremely regulated and thus relatively uniform industry such as the commercial airline industry, the successful airline is the organization which sets itself apart from the competition. Within an industry that requires customer planning to interface with flight schedules and security measures, a major operational aspect which can aid an airline in gaining an edge on the competition is customer service.The effective consumption of air travel (finding flights, buying tickets, getting through the airport, boarding a plane, and finally reaching the final destination) is not the same simple consumer –supplier relationship that the consumer experiences in a trip through the Wal-Mart checkout counter; the nature of air travel makes the interaction between the airline and the customer very complex.Almost every facet of the complex relationship between the airlin e and customer can generate a large amount of stress for the consumer; consumers find poor customer service in the face of tight travel deadlines and paid for travel plans that did not necessarily go as intended extremely frustrating. Analysis Investigating Salient Case Issues To capitalize on offering a high level of effective customer service, an investment must be made.The airline must ensure their customer service department not only understands that customer service is highly valued in the organizational environment but also must ensure that the customer service department has the tools and resources to offer effective customer service (Graham, 2012). Like any business investment, the organization must make smart decisions when providing customer service resources; for instance a call center of fifty employees which only answers two calls an hour is a humongous waste of resources that would be better allocated towards another goal.The problem of understand that an investment to wards more effective customer service is needed, but at what cost to make that investment, is the problem which faces Regional Airlines in the case study on page 539 of the 2012 Anderson, et al, text: An Introduction to Management Science Regional Airlines is expanding its customer service operation by setting up a new phone system for the purpose of providing ticketing services and customer assistance over the phone.The airline is going ahead with the new phone system; however, two major decision points exist, how many agents to allocate to the line (one or two) and what complexity of system in which to invest (a system that provides a holding function versus one that does not). The expected call load for the new operation is one call every 3. 75 minutes, available metrics indicate that on each call a ticket agent spends 3 minutes with a customer; effectively this results that for every customer attended to, there will be 45 seconds of downtime (Anderson, et al, 2012).Unfortunately for Regional Air, those figures are only averages, there will be an indeterminate amount of calls which meet or exceed the 3. 75 minute span in between calls. The decision between systems which provides a hold function versus the one that does not will determine will determine if that customer is placed on hold or if the call is just dropped. Placing an unanswered call on hold provides a buffer for the agent to end the call and then service the holding customer; however, for a customer that stays on hold for an inordinate amount of time will begin to feel less and less like a well-served customer.The expected call load versus the time it takes for an agent to deal with each call is the basis of allocating only one agent to man the call system. The second option of allocating two or more agents is in effect, insurance that each call will be answered in a timely fashion and callers will not have to wait for extended periods of time. The decision of how many agents to allocate to the phone system is based upon the apparent cost for an extra agent sitting around not actively engaged in a call; however this view is relatively short sighted because it does not take into account the revenue lost from dropped calls and dissatisfied customers.The salient issue of the case is determining what the appropriate level of investiture to make for the phone system to provide an expected (and beneficial) level of customer service Group Discussion Exploring Simulations Simulation is a quantitative technique developed for studying alternative courses of action by building a model of that system and then conducting a series of repeated trial and error experiments to predict the behavior of the system over a period of time (Srivastava, Shenoy, & Sharma, 1989, p. 753). Of all the simulations waiting line simulations are of the most important to the customer service industry.In the airline industry long waiting times can lead to poor customer service scores and diminished sales. Reg ional Airlines is establishing a new telephone system for handling flight reservations (Anderson, Sweeney, Williams, Camm, & Martin, 2012). The airlines main goal is to decrease the wait time at its call centers and increase sales. Regional’s management team agrees that its goal should be to answer 85% of its incoming calls immediately. The following analyzes Regional Airline’s (RA) current reservation system and ways to improve it. Analysis of Current SystemCurrently RA is answering one call every 3. 75 minutes during 10:00 a. m. to 11:00 a. m. time period (? (average arrival time) = 60 minutes / 3. 75 minutes = 16 calls per hour). The average service time is 3 minutes per customer ( µ (service rate) = 60 minutes / 3 minutes = 20 calls per hour). With only one reservation agent, the probability that a caller will be blocked because of a busy signal is P1 = . 4444 ? o = ( ? / ? ) ? /0! i=0k ? /? i /i! = ( 16 / 20 ) ? /0! (16/20)o / 0! + (16/20)1 /1! = . 5556 ?1 = ( ? / ? ) 1/0! i=1k ? /? 1 /i! = ( 16 / 20 ) 1/0! (16/20)o / 0! + (16/20)1 /1! = . 444 With two reservation agents, the probability that a caller will be blocked because of a busy signal is P2 = . 1509. ?o = ( ? / ? ) ? /0! i=0k ? /? i /i! = ( 16 / 20 ) ? /0! (16/20)o / 0! + (16/20)1 /1! + (16/20) 2 /2! = . 4717 ? 1 = ( ? / ? ) ? /0! i=0k ? /? i /i! = ( 16 / 20 ) ? /1! (16/20)o / 0! + (16/20)1 /1! + (16/20) 2 /2! = . 3774 ? 2 = ( ? / ? ) ? /0! i=0k ? /? i /i! = ( 16 / 20 ) ? /2! (16/20)o / 0! + (16/20)1 /1! + (16/20) 2 /2! = . 1509 Regional Airlines’ current phone reservation system will answer an approximate of 85% of phone calls with two employed reservation agents.However, the other 15% will be blocked because of a busy signal. Customers who do not get a hold of an agent may not call back and contribute to negative customer service reaction and adversely affect the business. Analysis of Agents Needed Proposed expanded system will allow callers to wait. Instead of being blocke d when all lines are busy, customers can choose to stay on the line and calls will be answered in the order received. With only one reservation agent for Regional Airlines in the expanded system, 80% (Pw) of incoming calls will end up waiting. The average waiting time is also at 12 minutes (Wq).Cited numbers above show a horrendous system that is both undesirable and a business model doomed for failure. So in order for RA to realize the benefits of the expanded system, it needs to employ two or more reservation agents. Po=1- ? /? = 1-1620=0. 20 Lq = ? 2 ? (? – ? ) = 16 2 20 (20 – 16) = 3. 2 L =Lq + ? /  µ= 3. +1620=4 wq+Lq / ? =3. 216=0. 20 hours=12 minutes W = wq + 1/ µ = 0. 20 + 1/20 = 0. 25 hours = 15 minutes Pw= =1620=0. 80=80% At the planning meeting, Regional Airlines’ management team agreed that answering at least 85% of the calls is an acceptable customer service goal.This means that the probability of waiting will have to be 15% or less. Pw= 1k! k k? k? – ? Po k = 2 agents Pw= 12! 16202 2 202 20- 16 0. 4286= 0. 2286 k = 3 agents Pw= 13! 16203 3 203 20- 16 0. 4472= 0. 0520 Po=0. 4472 Lq=0. 0189 L=0. 8189 Wq=0. 0012 hours=0. 07 minutes W=0. 0512 hours=3. 97 minutes Using three agents clearly meets the company’s goal. With three reservation agents, only 5% of the calls will be waiting, which is way below the 15% targeted cap in order to meet the goal of 85% answered calls. Average waiting time is also at a minimum, calculated at 0. 012 hours or 0. 07 minutes. System Recommendation The current telephone reservation system design does not allow callers to wait; callers instead must attempt to reach a reservation agent when all agents are not occupied. Should callers reach the service line when all agents are busy they will be met with a busy signal. The management at RA is seeking to switch to an expanded telephone system to combat this problem. Based on the calculations in the previous paragraphs, RA will need appro ximately 3 reservations agents to run an expanded phone system.Group 3 recommends that the company employ the multiple channels waiting line which consists of two or more service channels that are assumed to be identical in terms of service capability (Anderson, et. al. , 2012). Regional airlines could support at least a two-channel operation to service the needs of its customers. MANAGERIAL REPORT ASSUMPTIONS: a. One call every 3. 75 minutes during 10:00 a. m. to 11:00 a. m. time period ? (average arrival time) = 60 minutes / 3. 75 minutes = 16 calls per hour b. Average service time of 3 minutes with each customer  µ (service rate) = 60 minutes / 3 minutes = 20 calls per hour 1.An analysis of the current reservation system that does not allow callers to wait. How many reservation agents are needed to meet the service goal? With only one reservation agent, the probability that a caller will be blocked because of a busy signal is P1 = . 4444 ? o = ( ? / ? ) ? /0! i=0k ? /? i /i! = ( 16 / 20 ) ? /0! (16/20)o / 0! + (16/20)1 /1! = . 5556 ?1 = ( ? / ? ) 1/0! i=1k ? /? 1 /i! = ( 16 / 20 ) 1/0! (16/20)o / 0! + (16/20)1 /1! = . 4444 With two reservation agents, the probability that a caller will be blocked because of a busy signal is P2 = . 509. ?o = ( ? / ? ) ? /0! i=0k ? /? i /i! = ( 16 / 20 ) ? /0! (16/20)o / 0! + (16/20)1 /1! + (16/20) 2 /2! = . 4717 ? 1 = ( ? / ? ) ? /0! i=0k ? /? i /i! = ( 16 / 20 ) ? /1! (16/20)o / 0! + (16/20)1 /1! + (16/20) 2 /2! = . 3774 ? 2 = ( ? / ? ) ? /0! i=0k ? /? i /i! = ( 16 / 20 ) ? /2! (16/20)o / 0! + (16/20)1 /1! + (16/20) 2 /2! = . 1509 Conclusion: Regional Airlines’ current phone reservation system will answer an approximate of 85% of phone calls with two employed reservation agents. However, the other 15% will be blocked because of a busy signal.Customers who do not get a hold of an agent may not call back and contribute to negative customer service reaction and adversely affect the business. 2. An analysis of the expa nded system proposed by the telephone company. How many agents are needed to meet the service goal? Proposed expanded system will allow callers to wait. Instead of being blocked when all lines are busy, customers can choose to stay on the line and calls will be answered in the order received. With only one reservation agent for Regional Airlines in the expanded system, 80% (Pw) of incoming calls will end up waiting. The average waiting time is also at 12 minutes (Wq).Cited numbers above show a horrendous system that is both undesirable and a business model doomed for failure. So in order for Regional Airlines to realize the benefits of the expanded system, it needs to employ two or more reservation agents. Po=1- ? /? = 1-1620=0. 20 Lq = ? 2 ? (? – ? ) = 16 2 20 (20 – 16) = 3. 2 L =Lq + ? /  µ= 3. +1620=4 wq+Lq / ? =3. 216=0. 20 hours=12 minutes W = wq + 1/ µ = 0. 20 + 1/20 = 0. 25 hours = 15 minutes Pw= =1620=0. 80=80% At the planning meeting, Regional Airlinesâ₠¬â„¢ management team agreed that answering at least 85% of the calls is an acceptable customer service goal.This means that the probability of waiting will have to be 15% or less. Pw= 1k! k k? k? – ? Po k = 2 agents Pw= 12! 16202 2 202 20- 16 0. 4286= 0. 2286 k = 3 agents Pw= 13! 16203 3 203 20- 16 0. 4472= 0. 0520 Po=0. 4472 Lq=0. 0189 L=0. 8189 Wq=0. 0012 hours=0. 07 minutes W=0. 0512 hours=3. 97 minutes Using three agents clearly meets the company’s goal. With three reservation agents, only 5% of the calls will be waiting, which is way below the 15% targeted cap in order to meet the goal of 85% answered calls. Average waiting time is also at a minimum, calculated at 0. 012 hours or 0. 07 minutes. 3. An analysis of the expanded system proposal by the telephone company. A representative from the telephone company suggested that Regional Airlines consider an expanded system that accommodates waiting. In the expanded system, when a customer calls and all agents are bus y, a recorded message tells the customer that the call is being held in the order received and that an agent will be available shortly. The customer can stay on the line and listen to background music while waiting for an agent.Expanded System with waiting allowed Pw for 1 agent P0= (1-? /? ) 1-16/20=. 20 Lq= ? 2 =16(2)= 3. 2 ?(? – ? ) =20(20-16) L= Lq+( ? /? )=3. 2 +(16/20)=4 Wq =(Lq/ ? )=3. 2/16=. 20 (12 minutes) W=Wq+(1/ ? )=. 20+ (1/20)= . 25 (15 minutes) Pw= ? /? = 16/20=. 80 Expanded System with waiting allowed Pw for 2 agents Pw=1/k! ( ? /? )k k? / k? – ? P0 1/2! (16/20)2 2(20)/2(20)-16 . 4286= . 2286 Expanded System with waiting allowed Pw for 3 agents 1/3! (16/20)3 3(20)/3(20)-16 . 4472= . 520 In order to use this system, Regional Airlines would have to use three agents to keep the customer service of 85% of the calls being answered immediately. The telephone arrival rate of incoming calls is expected to change from hour to hour. Describe how your waiting line analysis could be used to develop a ticket staffing plan that would enable the company to provide different levels of staffing for the ticket reservation system at different times during the day. Indicate the information you would need to develop this staffing plan.This analysis only covers the 10:00 AM – 11:00 AM time frame. As we have seen with the equations used, we have to have historical data for the other time frames. If the phone lines are open from 08:00AM – 08:00 PM, we could use the data from each hour. Keeping with the 85% rate of phone calls being answered immediately for good customer service and the use of the limited amount of call agents required to save Regional Airlines money, after further analysis, Regional Airlines will have the data need to make the best decisions for their company. 4. Staffing PlanIn order to develop a ticket agent staffing plan that would enable the company to provide different levels of staffing for the ticket reservation syst em at different times during the day, a similar simulation method and analysis used above are needed. By implementing the same application, the right number of reservation agents each hour can be determined. In addition to the number of agents used, it is also possible to use the same information to determine the full-time and part-time shift schedules that meet the company’s customer service goals.But in order for RA to do this, it needs the hourly average arrival rate for the whole day. 5. References Anderson, D. , Sweeney, D. , Williams, T. , Camm, J. , & Martin, K. (2012). An Introduction to Management Science Quantitative Approaches to Decision Making. Mason, OH. South-Western Cengage Learning Graham, J. (2012). Think Like the Customer – Or Lose the Sale. American Salesman, 57(4), 18-23. Srivastava, U. K. , Shenoy, G. V. & Sharma, S. C. (2005). Quantitative techniques for managerial decisions (2nd Edition). New Age International Publishers: New Delhi.

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Global Warming Paper Jamie Perez Global Warming Paper Jamie Perez GMO’s: A Solution to Global Warming? Jamie Perez University of Antelope Valley Biology 101 Professor Cheryl Robinson Global warming is a very controversial topic in today’s society all around the world. According to an article in National Geographic, global warming is the overall climate change the world is experiencing, which is characterized by the increase in temperatures all over the world, the melting of ice caps and glaciers, the increase of rainfall and hurricanes, and the migration and/or extinction of certain species of animals (2007). The main cause of global warming, according to some scientists, is the amount of Carbon, CO2, which humans are introducing into our atmosphere, which causes the â€Å"obstacle for the Suns radiation in the troposphere, the lower atmosphere (Acticlebase.com, John Nilson, 2006).† Many scientists, doctors, and specialty groups are studying the possible causes and effects of global warming. There seems to be a line drawn down the middle that separates the two causes, on one side there is the opinion that humans are the cause of global warming, but on the other side there is the opinion that is something natural that the universe experiences without explanation, states Anja Plecas on ArticleBase.com (2011). Because of this line, there is obviously a difference in opinion as to whether or not there is a â€Å"cure† for global warming. Some scientists are exploring different methods and technologies to try and correct the problems that global warming is creating. Others are not as worried and claim that the changes are minor and have happened in the past, making them nothing to worry about. Prior to writing this paper, I believed whole heartedly that humans were to blame for global warming and that it was our responsibility to fix the problem. But after doing all the research that I did, I have changed my stance slightly. Andrew Marshall claims in his book, Gl obal Warming: A Conventional Lie, that global warming is a problem with the amount of heat being generated by the sun, not only effecting Earth, but also all other planets in the solar system (2007). Based on the research I’ve done I believe that while humans are partially to blame for global warming, nature is also at work. But I also agree with the Kyoto Protocol that we need to help reduce the amount of Carbon we are releasing into the atmosphere, the rising climate is an obvious casualty of our fossil fuel use, so it is our responsibility to try and counter-act the damage that we are doing to our environment. There are many different alternatives to help but I am only going to address two alternative agriculture methods that could help reduce Carbon, like genetically modified organisms, GMO’s, and radio wave treated water. Like I stated before there are two stances on global warming, either humans are to blame or nature is. Many people believe that humans are to blame since the Industrial Revolution began in the seventeen hundreds, which introduced the burning of multiple fossil fuels. These issues affect every single person on the planet, so this is a matter that should be taken seriously. Oceans and forests used to be able to absorb at least half of the CO2 that was emitted by humans, but since 2001, the output has doubled and now there isn’t enough plant life to counteract the amount we are putting out. The Kyoto Protocol, put in place world-wide in 1997, stated that countries with the top four highest CO2 output, would reduce their emissions back to their 1995 level by 2005, was a major step forward in recognizing mankind’s responsibility for damage done to the ozone. The other stance claims that nature is to blame, and this is evident especially when studying the climate history of the world and also other planets. In these studies, it is shown that major climate changes have been occurring for close to one thousa nd years, many years prior to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. These records

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Doctor Assited Suicide essays Opinion Paper- Doctor Assisted Suicide After reading the editorial that discussed the issue of doctor-assisted suicide, I have concluded that I strongly agree with the beliefs of Doctor Jack Kevorkian. Dr. Kevorkian believed in giving a suffering human being the freedom of choice, the freedom to play God with their own lives, and he just helped them carry out their lifetime decision. Although many may agree that it is inhumane to perform such tasks I believe that if any human being is suffering and is near death, and are capable of making the life ending decision, then why not give them that right. Obviously they are unhappy with their situation in life, and feel that their time is up and have suffered enough. I feel that Dr. Kevorkian is only completing a job that most people would not do, but feels that there is a need for people in the world to do it. There are also people who believe that what Dr. Kevorkian does is unacceptable, and from what I can tell, those people are the ones who they themselves have not dealt with a severe illness or disease in their family or someone even close to them. In todays society there are a number of different diseases and illnesses that people and their families deal with everyday. So after watching the one that is close to them suffer for sometime make the decision to end their suffering is in some way devastating and in some way a relief to everyone involved and without people like Dr. Kevorkian it would not be possible. In respect to civil disobedience, I believe that everyone breaks the rules for one reason or another, and for the reason that Dr. Kevorkian does, he has every right to, because in the end people are the one who seek out him to assist them in their suicide he does not go looking for people to kill for the sake of killing. ...

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Blasphemous Movie on Prophet Muhammad Essay Example for Free

Blasphemous Movie on Prophet Muhammad Essay Abstract: Media is held responsible for the distorted and caricature image of Muslims and their most holy figure prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in the West. The movie â€Å"innocence of Muslims† is the most recent stereotype demonstration of them. People’s thinking on a matter, which they don’t have much knowledge about, is largely formed by what media determines, following an agenda setting theory. Islam has always been such issue in the West and Muslims have always been shown as fanatics, extremists and violent killers thus giving negative connotations to Islam. According to semiotic theory of sighs, every image or sign has a coded message, which is always decoded by different people in the same way by a common cognitive system. When the messages in the carton images of Prophet Muhammad published by a Danish magazine Jyllands-Posten in 2006 were decoded, there was an outcry in the Muslim world, which later developed a carton controversy around the global politics. This blasphemous movie of prophet Muhammad, another genre of visual communication, created the same political conflict between East and West and upheaval in the politics of Muslim countries too. The first part of my paper which is a media plan for Pakistani government to deal with the issue, analyses how Muslim world reacted to this movie and how a troublesome situation in all the Muslim countries is affecting the relations of Muslims’ with the U.S. Second part examines how western media, in the name of freedom of speech, has been deconstructing the bodies of Muslims as violent treacherous men and their religion as a danger to West. This message has been continuously shot into the heads of masses since ages analyzing magic bullet theory of media. Media effects theory can easily elucidate the results of such efforts. The article advocates media should consider ethical boundaries while discussing religions and religious entities. Key words: Muslims, stereotypes, prophet Muhammad , cartons, movies, western media, protests, politics. Background of the problem. Just a 14 minute trailer of the blasphemous movie â€Å"innocence of Muslims† caused a great upheaval in the Muslim world .the holiest figure of Islam  prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) has been shown in this movie as a child molester, womanizer, drunk and a violent killer. This is not the first movie, there is a list of such movies against Muslims and Islam, e.g. Black Hawk Dawn, the kingdom, the Seige, fitna, which created havoc in Muslim world and we saw riots, violence, boycotts and deaths as a result of them. Later on, such trouble tic situations were always manipulated by politicians.(see links of movies trailers in references) This movie produced by Nakoula Basseley led Muslims protests in Egypt, Yemen, Libya, Iraq, India, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia and in many other Muslim countries including the killing of US ambassador to Libya in a violent attack by extremists. Obama and Clinton condemned this movie like many other governments of the countries, even Cindy Lee Garcia told The Hollywood Reporter that she and many actors were duped by filmmaker. â€Å"He has a price to pay, this Mr.Bacile, maybe not here on Earth, but he’ll stand before God one day for what he has done†. These protests were going on and â€Å"meanwhile a French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo published the controversial cartoons of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) further inflaming Muslims’ sentiments†.(the Dawn 30 sep) Such protests were started in earlier September in Pakistan where hundreds of thousands from all walks of life recorded their protest against this movie and publication of carton images again. Many marched towards US embassy in Islamabad and many were killed and wounded in clash with police there. There were rallies of protests nationwide having more than 45,000 people earlier in September, 21 were killed and 229 wounded, more than 200 protesters set fire to effigy of Barack Obama in the capital of Pakistani administered Kashmir.(Aljazeerah 21sep). Pakistanis are demanding from the government to stop missions with US If they don’t ban this movie altogether, though it was banned later in many Muslim countries on a request from Washington house to goggle. Problem for Pakistani Government: In Pakistan election campaigns are going on and the political parties are engaging mob in violent attacks to make unrest in the country. By highlighting the weaknesses of the government and the wrong dealings of the issue by the government, the other political parties are trying to take advantage of the situation. Many banners in the rallies led by other  political parties demand from government to shut US and French missions in Pakistan which is definitely not possible. So there is a great need to make a well developed strategy through media to handle the situation as president is loosing the popularity because of many stories of the corruption of government and this issue of blasphemy is very complex to handle as the demand to ban this movie cannot be accomplished at once like Pakistani are wishing. so is the case with their demands to shut the missions with US. Objectives of the media plan: 1) Stop the people from violent protests by giving references from Islamic values teaching peace and tolerance. 2) Gain trust and confidence of the people as a responsible government by focusing what government has done to deal with the issue. 3 minimize the nation’s hatred for US and shift their focus from their demands of not to assist US in the war going on in the region. 4) Present your nation’s viewpoint on international forums regarding the issue. Key messages of the plan: 1) By quoting from the life of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), the people should be stopped from making violent protests and showing hatred to other countries as it is leaving a bad image of the nation and the Islam as well. Media should focus how prophet has taught Muslims to be tolerant and how he hated bloodshed and violence. So key message would be â€Å"Islam is a religion of tolerance not of violence†. 2) Key message to the west should be that we respect freedom of speech but reject freedom of hatred. This movie like other blasphemous movies and carton images of prophet Muhammad fall in the category of later. Such laws should be formulated to avoid these distasteful attempts leading to the unrest in the whole world. 3) Focus on requests of Obama’s government to goggle and you tube to ban the video and also tell your nation through the media the U.S effort to make the laws against such blasphemous acts in the future, so that their hatred towards America could be minimized as their demands to shut missions with America are not easy to be considered. Theoretical framework: Edward said’s famous work on the relations of east and west received much criticism that opens with a quotation by Karl Marx: ‘they cannot represent themselves, they must be represented’. So the west took as its responsibility to represent the east and civilize them by calling them uncivilized. Said unfolds the binary opposition as â€Å"self is familiar (Europe, the west, â€Å"us†) and the other is strange (the orient, the east, â€Å"them†) (said, 1978:43) Said asserts that European knowledge of the East goes arm in arm with expansionism, exploration and settlement. He argues that the Orient is constructed and represented in the binary opposition against the Occident, as the Other. In many respects, the Orient is seen by European values, assumptions, and cultural codes and as the Occidents other. He criticizes the way that the Occident views the Orient by her own culturally-determined and biased and limited historical perspectives.(Moosavinia, Niazi Ghaforian,2011) The universal declaration of Human Rights states â€Å"everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression† (United Nations 1948). Some people could argue that they have boundless rights to mock other people’s religious believes including their holy books and holy figures. In the name of freedom of speech, 12 cartoons of Muslims Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)were published by a Danish magazine. The one most debated showed prophet Muhammad as having a bomb in the cloth over his head. (Bond B, 2007) talks about Danish media landscape as â€Å"It is fair to say that the factual social vulnerability, the stereotyping, and the division between â€Å"them† and â€Å"us† in the news media, has created a very hostile rhetoric against visible foreigners and particularly Muslims.â €  He also talks about Danish media representations of Muslim women. â€Å"Appearing in the 1970s the stereotype of minority women as oppressed and battered was prominent from the late 1990s to early 2000s. The  stereotype of oppressed minority women was emphasized by televised pictures of veiled women illustrating many stories about refugees and other immigrants. Another stereotype since the 1970s was the image of immigrant men as hypersexual threats to women† (Green L, Aly A, 2011) state in their research that â€Å"there was some resentment voiced by Muslim respondents in interviews and focus groups that the media did not fully represent the diversity of Muslims and instead perpetuated stereotypes of Muslims: ‘the ugly Muslim male’ and ‘the oppressed Muslim female’. This mediated construction of Muslims was thought to provide an influential pathway for the broader community’s understanding of Muslims.† Reporting on Islam has been a mandatory part of western media agenda. A research about agenda of German media concludes as following. In summarizing the results, it can be said that in non-fictional formats such as magazines, talk shows, documentaries and reportages over 80% of the content reproduces an image of Islam that portrays this religion as a problem and a danger for politics and society. This image of Islam in the non-fictional formats of ARD and ZDF is an exaggerated image of violence and conflict, conveying the impression that Islam is less a religion than a political and social ideology that collides with the morality and values of the West. (Richter C, Hafez K, 2009) Talking about the publication of caricature images of Muslims’ holiest figure of Muslims prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), one can solemnly say that visuals have strong power of global communication. The analysis of one of the images is as following. The turban bomb could also be interpreted as a symbolic depiction of a globe and the Arabic inscription would thus be located in the Middle East. The ideological threat of Islam is translated into a fanaticized face, meant to depict the prophet of Islam, and also the non-communicative attitude of his followers, who are focused on destruction instead of dialogue. This was one of the most criticized of the 12 cartoons, presumably because of its hostile depiction of the prophet, and because of the implication that all Muslims are potentially dangerous suicide-bombers. (Mà ¼ller M Ãâ€"zcan E, Seizov O, 2009). The examination of over 900 Hollywood movies by Jack Shaheen (2001) may be regarded as a cornerstone in Orientalism canon where he argued how the Hollywood film genre has stereotyped the Arab society by representing them  as greedy precarious men and subjugated women. Such stereotyped presentation paves a way in justification of American foreign policy with the Middle East. The continued production and successes of such movies as Black Hawk Down, The Kingdom and The Siege cannot be overlooked in light of the power struggles resulting from the ‘War on Terror’ and hegemonic representations of Muslim men and women in a variety of Western Media. The visual narrative in The Kingdom—with its deployment of the only American female main character, Janet Mayes, whose body was scripted to represent essential differences between white and brown women—illuminates imperialist discourses, with Muslim bodies becoming the battleground upon which such discourses are both visually and literally being fought. It was argued that a critical engagement with Hollywood cinema is necessary to unveil the complex ways in which Muslim bodies are scripted as dangerous, pre-modern and uncivilized in U.S popular culture. (Michelle Aguayo, 2009) Discussion: The concept of binary opposition given by Edward said (1978) op,cit. as â€Å"us† and the â€Å"Others† is applicable to present scenario easily, western media has always presented the eastern countries specially Muslim countries as â€Å"others† uncivilized, savages, brutal, untamed and western countries as â€Å"us† civilized, educated, tamed and rational. Thinking of Agenda setting approach, I can easily relate how western media has set an agenda against Muslims by presenting them always as violent, precarious, killers and women as oppressed. While talking about Danish media landscape, there were riots, protests, boycotts, deaths in Islamic world including the burning of Danish embassies in Syria and Egypt in response to publication of caricature images of prophet Muhammad. But the western media proved so stubborn that 143 newspapers in 56 countries of West re –published the images again after sometime. To mock Muslims’ holy figure, their holy book and to show Muslims stereotype was included in the common agenda of western media. Semiotic theory helps understanding the process of carrying meanings by those images as semiotics refers to Modality, which is a specific way to encode the information for presentation to people and the meaning, is conceived by people as an effect of it. A list of sign types is considered in such presentations like writing, symbol, color, map, index, graph etc. The different people decode all the signs in the same way by a common cognitive  system according to psychology of perception; this concept elucidates how all people about prophet as a terrorist decoded negative messages in such images of prophet Muhammad. The movie â€Å"Innocence of Muslims† brought another catastrophe in the hearts of Muslims that presented prophet Muhammad as a womanizer, child abuser, homosexual and a violent killer. The purpose of this low quality picture is just to mock and insult Islam and prophet Muhammad and the producer gave as many negative attributes to Prophet Muhammad as he could. Agenda setting approach of media can be helpful in understanding the western agenda of presenting Muslims and Islam as dangerous men and violent religion respectively. Another anti-Islamic movie â€Å"fitna† made by a Dutch parliamentarian Geert Wilders, where Quranic versus are shown alongside the scenes of terrorism. Those versus, in reality, are about the wars going on in that era of fourteen hundred years back but without giving the actual context those versus are misrepresented to show that Quran teaches Muslims to be violent killer. And this proved to be another extreme distortion of Islam. (See link in references). The production of such movies by Hollywood confirms common western agenda to present Muslims stereotypes. All these negative connotations continuously given to Islam and Muslims had a power to shape the thinking of people about Muslims as terrorists, that is also explained by Magic Bullet theory that messages by media are so powerful, and act as a bullet shot into the heads of people by shaping the thoughts of people in a magical way. So the people who don’t know much about Islam and Muslims mostly get Muslims as terrorists. Western media has cast a spell over the people by continuous shots of negativity into their heads. Media effects theory elucidates easily such stereotype representations of Muslims as we can see isolation of Muslims in the world and negative concepts of them in the eyes of common people in the west. People in the West always think of Muslims as extremists, the feelings of hatred and fear against Muslims is prevailing in the western society, which is the most visible effect of media’s stereotype presentations. Conclusion: Whenever media takes such blasphemous steps, they take to riots, protest and upheaval in Muslim countries, which may also lead to global political conflicts sometimes. The biased approach to one religion or to one  particular group of people is surely an attempt to divide the world population into the boundaries of pointless hatred. Media should take great care while talking about religion and religious entities. It should consider some ethical limits while talking negative about Islam as it hurts the feelings of almost 2 billion people in the world. references http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HR0Vj-8dqTMfeature=fvsr http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0ET9qez-Kshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HLNawUg_ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUJ6cxWdZwA3s Pakistan hit by anti-Islamic video protests. (2012, September21). Aljazeerah Said,Edward W. (1978). Orientalism. New York. Penguin Moosavinia, S. R., Niazi, N. N., Ghaforian, A. (2011). Edward Saids Orientalism and the Study of the Self and the Other in Orwells Burmese Days. Studies In Literature Language, 2(1), 103-113. Bonde,B. (2007). How 12 Cartoons of the Prophet Mohammed were brought to Trigger an International Conflict. NORDICOM Review, 28(1), 33-48 Green, L., Aly, A. (2011). How Australian Muslims Construct Western Fear of the Muslim Other. At The Interface / Probing The Boundaries, 7765-90 Richter C, Hafez K. The image of Islam in German public service television programmes. Journal Of Arab Muslim Media Research [serial on the Internet]. (2009, Dec), [cited October 23, 2012]; 2(3): 169-181. Available from: Communication Mass Media Complete. Mà ¼ller, M. G., Ãâ€"zcan, E., Seizov, O. (2009). Dangerous Depictions: A Visual Case Study of Contemporary Cartoon Controversies. Popular Communication, 7(1), 28-39. doi:10.1080/15405700802598361 Shaheen, Jack. (2001). Reel bad Arabs. New York: Olive Branch Press Aguayo, M. (2009). Representations of Muslim Bodies in The Kingdom: Deconstructing Discourses in Hollywood. Global Media Journal: Canadian Edition, 2(2), 41-56.