Said's Concept if Orientalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Saids Concept if Orientalism - Essay utilisationThe Orient (comprising of countries like the Middle East, India, China, and those lying further east) has always occupied an area of interest at heart the realms of American heathenish arena. Various topics that include men, women and children from the Orient, tend to appear persistently in different cultural discussions, with the greatest and most presumably, the highest influence seen in US based TV programmes and movies. Right from the time of its initiation, Hollywood has persistently represented characters from Orient (like Chinese, Indians and Arabs) in specific exotic terms that highlight their ethnicity (Irwin, 2007, 106). Thus, against a ground of stereotyped Oriental Otherness stands the Western good guys, a representation of the Eastern adult male by its Western counterpart, which is often biased and conventionalised (ibid). It is this (mal) representation or portrayal of differentnon- western culturesby western claimm akers, writers, and artists, which primarily arose from European colonial/ imperialistic attitude during the 18th-19th centuries, which has been termed Orientalism, a concept derived from Edward Saids celebrated book Orientalism published in 1978. ... The Hollywood films-makers have held a continuing dominance all over the planetary box-office right from WWI, without any strong or long-term competition from any other rival film industries. Even though there were major setbacks to Hollywood during the Great Depression and later during 1960s, their dominance over worldwide cinema remained unparalleled, thus spanning unquestioned influence over millions of viewers from all parts of the world for more than ten decades. Thus, it is understood that representation of any character(s) shown by Hollywood is bound to cast a strong influence on viewers all across the globe. Hence, one can contend that the contradict and imagined portrayal of Orientalism has created a negative image of thes e countries on the global viewers, which is purely based on privation of adequate knowledge and presumptions on the part of Hollywood. In this context, we will examine the importance of Edward Saids concept of Orientalism while analysing the dominant cinemas (Hollywoods) representation of people outside West. Discussion East is East, West is West, and neer the twain shall meet Rudyard Kipling (1932) Saids concept of Orientalism In actual perspective, Orientalism refers to Orient or East, resembling to the term Occident, which means West. Said in his book Orientalism perceives the term as comprising of many false presumptions, misconceptions, and various wrong assumptions as conceived byWesterners towards those residing inEastern parts of the world (however, here it must be noted that Said primarily relates Orientalism to the Middle East, where he had spent some years as a child). As Cheryl McEwan informs, Said in

Flight Stability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Flight Stability - Essay ExampleThe most definitive leakage management and control information is based on stability principles that are mainly referred to as passive and dynamic principles. Considerations of the stability elements as highlighted in the section below are useful in the formulation of appropriate stability formations in carpenters planes.A balanced position of an aeroplane in flight is termed as a trimmed position in terms of stability, which is affected by introduction of nonoperational instability forces. Static stability is the capacity of an aeroplane experiencing passive disturbance to revert to its trimmed state. An aeroplane is deemed to be in stability if there are no changes of acceleration towards a particular bloc when in flight. When the aeroplane is exposed to static forces of disturbance, instability is experienced and the ability of the aeroplane to return to the static condition is determined by its capacity to overcome the disturbance and achie ve the earlier stability (Ly 1997, p23). In the trimmed state, the aeroplane is generally in a stable condition that does not require unornamented input in order for it to be sustained in the condition.The aeroplane must be installed with systems to see it revert to the steady state after a disturbance, which creates a disorientation of the stable axis conditions. on the longitudinal axis, the appropriate conditions are achieved by introducing elevator trim tabs which are engaged until the previous static condition is achieved (Pamadi, 1998). This is achieved by the aeroplane system where the input of the pilot is not needed because it is on a hands-free operation installed in the design of the aeroplane. To assist in the detection of the instability of the aeroplane after a static disturbance, there are two types of analyses systems that can be used in such systems. On one hand, there is the stick-fixed manoeuvre which detects disturbance and maintains the same position in respo nse while stick-free system is designed to

Omnivores Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Omnivores predicament - Essay ExampleThe term omnivore symbolizes human beings. Humans are omnivores in the sense that they feed on both meat and vegetable productions. Hunting and gathering was an ancient approach towards fare acquisition numerous animals were killed for meat, while wild fruits and herbs were harvested. Presently, the same kinds of food that were adored in the past are still super valued (Chevat, 2009). The several varieties of food present in the farms, and the market makes it difficult for individuals to make a prime(a) (Pollan, 2006). Naturally established farm products are plenty in the market. The supermarkets and other large shops have stocked a lot of processed food products. Many people believe that all the processed food products are made of corn, which may not be the case because several ingredients are added to the main materials (Pollan, 2006). at that place is a distinction between the organic and industrial products in terms of their manufactur ing processes and nutrient contents. Organic and industrial food products have several distinguishing factors. Organic products include natural processes farm products are planted with the help oneself of green manures. Artificial fertilizers are not incorporated in the process of plant growth and product development. Natural photosynthesis takes place where carbon dioxide is the basic ingredient together with sunlight and water.

International finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International finance - inquiry Paper ExampleAdditionally, the club was ranked number two in manufacture of quality skin care products and was awarded Quality System Certification in 2002 by the Saudi Arabia government, making it one of the most noted cosmetic companies in Middle East. Thus, this paper will delve into a tradeing plan of Saudis nonfunctional Company as it tries to enter London, United Kingdom. Southwest Airlines is a service industry in Tunisia that aims at offering its customers with distinctive port transport services. The companion started in 1969 in Tunis Tunisia, with an aim of providing its customers with air transport at a lower cost and an effective one for that matter. Eventually, the federation adopted a strategy that seeks to provide its diverse customers with added think of by making sure that the services exceed the toll paid by the customer as well as what the customer expects to pay for the services. The company believes that creating value is one of the crucial activities the firm would take to attain a competitive edge. Even though the company started with purchasing products that were diesel powered, it has managed to replace its components and equipments with modern equipment, which are environmentally friendly, at a reduced cost. to a greater extent so, it has managed to come up with more innovative products in the new airport lounges and the business class products. The company has also managed to come up with a number of trained personnel who take care of the children turn their parents are in the business class. This new experience within the industry creates an added value for the customers. Mode of market entry. According to Li & Fung Research centre (2007), the emergence of foreign cosmetic firms in Saudi Arabia has direct to a decrease of Saudis ornamental Companys market share from 18.99% in 2001 to 9% in 2003. And even though the company targets middle and low-income earners, living in rural and lower-ti er cities in 2006, its sales receipts dropped significantly to $ 43.7 million. As a result, Guangzhou Wuyi, a Chinese cosmetic company, purchased it in 2006, hoping that Saudis Cosmetic Company stands a good position in providing viable means for local market penetration through mingled distribution channels, as well as through brand equity. The Saudi cosmetic retail sales have been on an upward trend from 2006 to 2007, as evidenced by last years unprecedented sales reaching 1 million Dollars and growth of 16.0%. As a result, Saudi Arabia is considered as the fastest growing cosmetic market in the globe, eliciting foreign cosmetic investors in the market. The success of this company has been attributable to a number of factors, which include an increase in social-economic status, presence of women in cosmetic workforce, wreak from western culture, and governments promotion to local consumption in a bid to conjure the economy of the nation (Alon, 2003, p. 164). In todays market, the Saudis Cosmetic Company faces stiff competition from a number of foreign companies investing in Saudi Arabia, which include Beijing Dabao Cosmetic Company, Estee Lauder, and Shiseido, among others. The Estee Lauder is on record for having made a sales growth of 40% in 2009, the same year that Saudis Cosmetic Company recorded a decrease in sales growth. It is, therefore, evident that Saudis Cosme

Promoting good nutrition in patient with dementia Research Paper

Promoting good keep in patient with frenzy - Research Paper ExampleBased on the causes of dementia, Alzheimers disease is the major cause, but standby causes also have a role to play. This includes secondary virtuoso conditions and injury to the brain substance secondary to trauma. Alzheimers disease is a degenerative brain condition affecting memory and cognitive brain functions, and is the commonest form of dementia in community over the age of 65. Vascular dementia results from cerebrovascular or cardiovascular problems which often result in strokes. Minor but important causes of dementia include human immunodeficiency virus diseases, Huntingtons disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. insanity is a condition whose principal prevalence is in old people over 65 years, but children and middle aged adults may suffer from dementia. Trauma, brain tumours, heart conditions, lung conditions, tipsiness and some terminal infections may lead to dementia in this group. Some inherited disorders like animal starch storage diseases and mitochondrial abnormalities are specific for children, causing dementia. Whatever age group affected, dementia is a dangerous condition that leads to progressive memory loss and degenerative cognitive functions. Treatment will never remove or stop the condition, but instead the treatment reduces the symptoms, thereby slowing down the disease progression. away from symptom alleviation, adequate rest, nutrition and hydration are very important as they reduce morbidity and mortality. In terminal dementia, the patients are unable to cater for themselves completely which calls for the input of the caregiver in providing optimal nutrition and in the correct proportion. In dementia, there is degenerative brain loss due to loss of neurons.Dementia is associated with malnutrition due to the feeding difficulties in people who suffer from the condition. Impaired cognitive functions lead to a famine in the short-term memory making the patie nt forget simple tasks like feeding. The patient may also become easily distracted, thereby

Post Washington Consensus Consensus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Post capital letter Consensus Consensus - Essay Exampleprimary health care, primary education, and infrastructure tax reform (to lower borderline prescribes and broaden the tax base)Interest rate liberalization a competitive exchange rate trade liberalization liberalization of inflows of foreign direct investment privatization deregulation (to abolish barriers to entry and exit) and practiced property rights. This privatization agenda in pursuit of globalization has come under censure as (1) says, most of the most vociferous of todays critics of what they call the capital of the United States Consensus, most prominently Joe Stiglitz... do not object so much to the agenda laid out above as to the neoliberalism that they interpret the term as implying. I of course never intended my term to imply policies like capital account liberalization...monetarism, supply-side economics, or a minimal state (getting the state out of welfare provision and income redistribution), which I think of as the quintessentially neoliberal nouss. In development literature it is examined and accepted that The Washington consensus emerged out of a kind of counter reception in development economics (3) to what has been termed as rather operationally successful neoliberal revolution against Keynesianism prescriptions of the 1970s.The Washington Consensus, materialized in large and specially built Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) suggested for a substantial portion of the ontogeny countries in the ensuing years of 1980s and 1990s.It was the outcomes of these SAPs that were not along expected lines and which resulted in external criticism of The Washington Consensus itself. Joseph Stiglitz a World Bank Economist was the most prominent insider to offer criticism of the neoliberalism inbred in The Washington Consensus and the body of criticism is now termed as post Washington consensus consensus (4) in the sense impression that it agrees on drawbacks and weak points of the con sensus. This paper examines the critical body of arguments posed in this new consensus.2.Post Washington Consensus Consensus (5) constitute in detail the various outcomes of the SAPs, based on The Washington Consensus, which not fell short of cabbage in their prime objective of achieving economic growth through market deregulation but in any case created other weak spots.Amin states that SAPs resulted in , a sharp increase in unemployment, a fall in theremuneration of work, an increase in food dependency, a grave deterioration of theenvironment, a deterioration in healthcare systems, a fall in admissions to educationalinstitutions, a decline in the productive competency of many nations, the sabotage of democratic systems, and the continued growth of external debt. This made Stiglitz look out for an understanding alternative t economic growth model. An alternative which was not based on sole stress on deregulations of all categories of markets to attain economic growth targets. Stiglitz writes about a new paradigm for economic development (6).This idea of anew consensus arrived from Stiglitz when global development financial institutions had undergone a major policy shift after having witnessed the Asiatic crisis and analyzed its reasons that were traced to deregulated

SEARCH AND SEIZURE- CRIMINAL LAW Research Paper

SEARCH AND SEIZURE- CRIMINAL LAW - Re try Paper ExampleSince the enactment and implementation of this truth and its subsequent amendment known as the quaternary Amendment, in that location have been several public and academic reviews on the uprightness. Whereas some of these reviews seek to educate the public on the mandate and interpretation of the attend and exaltation law, other(a)s seek to criticize the law whiles others on the other hand seek to magnify the merits of the law. In this essay, there is an integrated approach to critically analyze the search and exaltation law from the view points of as galore(postnominal) schools of thoughts as there are on the law. Overview of the Search and Seizure Law The search and seizure law entails much more than we hear in its name. This is to say that the law goes beyond just searching a person or a place and seizing items. Broadly, Search and seizure refers to the methods used by law enforcement to investigate crimes, span down evidence, question witnesses, and arrest suspects (US Legal, 2011). This means that the search and seizure was enacted with the need to track down on criminal activities by gathering and gaining enough grounds for evidence and conducting investigation. For example when a civilian gives off a police force tip about a person involved in the dealing of drugs, one of the best ways the police can gather evidence on the genuineness of the suspicion on the otherwise of the suspicion is to search the suspect or his or her premises. In solecism drugs are truly found, the police would best represent their case in court when they seize the drugs as evident. The application of the search and seizure law in the United shows however varies from State to State (US Legal, 2011). The sound principle based on which the law works however remains the same regardless of the State using the law. Due to the technicality of the search and seizure law, it is ably backed and guided by other constitutio nal laws, commonly known as the 4th Amendment. Search and Seizure and the 4th Amendment Laws are make to protect the citizenry. This means that laws must be devoid of rooms that permit the abuse of the fundamental charitable right of people. Having talked about the concept and idea behind the search and seizure law, one may be tempted to think that the search and seizure law would give room for the police and perhaps other guarantor and intelligence agencies to abuse the privacy and safety of civilians. This is far from true. This is because the mandate of the police in using the search and seizure law is controlled by the 4th Amendment. In this regard, Bergman (2010) explains that the 4th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution places limits on the power of the police to make arrests, search people and their property, and seize objects and contraband (such as illegal drugs or weapons). This is to say that the 4th Amendment is a policing tool for the police in executing their search an d seizure jurisdictions. The 4th Amendment works on the principle and basis of privacy of individuals. At the same time however, the 4th Amendment preserves the sanctity of the search and seizure law and therefore strikes a balance by protecting individuals against unreasonable search and seizure and not just against search and seizure. Bergman (2010)

Performance and Service Excellence in the Service Industry Case Study - 2

Performance and return Excellence in the Service Industry - Case Study ExampleThe Overnight Service delivers all packages by 8.00 AM to nearly 5000 zip code areas. Its Priority Overnight service delivers by 10.30 AM on the next care day in most US cities and by noon in other cities and regions. The standard nightlong delivery delivers packages by 3 PM in most cities or by 4.30 PM in other areas. The air charter service accepts all commodities that will fit in an aircraft and provides the plane and the combination darn the customer chooses the time, route and terms of service (FedEx para8).FedEx maintains a profitable commitment to excellence by applying the eleven management principles underlying its success. It makes customer satisfaction the central focus of business as this is devout for business. The flat management structure minimizes a distance between leaders and front line clipers while empowering employees and expanding their responsibilities. FedEx has been very comm itted to reasonable job security by cross-training employees for more flexibility allowing for a redistribution of work during low periods and hiring of part-time workers during peak workloads, thus eliminating the need for layoffs during off-peak times (FedEx para8).The human resources department designs thoughtful and creative compensation schemes, supple duty hours and permanent part-time work. Benefits are structured to accommodate personal preferences. FedEx has a policy of promotion from within, and problem resolution is given ultimate importance with the CEO sometimes interfere to resolve grievances. Open communication is enhanced through an internal broadcasting company, FXTV that reports and discusses all company parole (Goldsack para 12).Even though everyone has their own responsibilities, the fences are low so that employees can help severally other in case somebody is stuck. This is where cross-training comes in handy. The focus is customer satisfaction.

HSBC Bank Development Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

HSBC Bank ripening - Case Study ExampleThis paper is a review of its strategic planning and resulting growth on with a brief history of the company.The original Hong Kong and nobble Banking Corporation was started in 1865 by a long-winded Scottish businessman called Thomas Sutherland to facilitate growing trade between China and India and the Europe. The company began quick working out in Europe and USA even though the main focus was expansion in Asian countries. The company at that time grew large enough even to fund government projects in many developing countries in Asia. World War II saw many of its operations in Asia being closed down. The bank realised that focusing only on Asia was risky and began a expansion program mainly through acquisitions in Europe, Asia and the formation of a organization in the USA. The prominent acquisitions include the Hand Seng Bank, the Mercantile Bank and the British Bank of the Middle East (all in the Asia-Pacific region), the Marine nati onal Bank (USA) and the Midland Bank (UK). The formation of HSBC Holdings plc in 1991, creating a holding company for the entire assembly with its shargons quoted in London and Hong Kong, showed that the Group viewed Europe and the London market in particular, as a resilient part of its future development. (Group History 1980-1999. 2009).A typical departmental mental synthesis is explained here. ... It should be noted that the structure is based on its policies of customer service policies and other strategies. The head of the structure is the CEO followed by ball club departments. They are legal and financial control, Operations, Human resources, Commercial Banking, Internal Audit, Marketing, Treasury and Personal Financial function. on that point is an administrative department under the financial control department. down the stairs the Operations section, there are heptad departments, namely IT, Support services, Property and security, Credit operations, Credit cards, Pro jects and Cash. The ATM department comes under Cash section. Under Commercial Banking, there are the Trade Services and Credit departments. Under the Personal Financial Services Department there are Customer Service, Teller Area, Consumer Finance and Loan Approving Department (for in-person financial services). (Organization Chart. 2008). Group structure of HSBC Holdings Plc Considering the size of the company, the organisational structure of the bank is extremely complex with seven study division and many other divisions formed under each of the seven ones mentioned above. The seven major divisions are HSBC Latin American Holdings (UK) Ltd, Grupo Financiero HSBC SA de CV, HSBC Investment Holdings Plc, HSBC Finance (Netherlands), HSBC Overseas Holding (UK) Ltd, and HSBC Bank Plc. As the name suggests, HSBC Latin America bases its operations in those countries while Grupo Financiero operates in Mexico. HSBC Investment Holding operates in UK and Taiwan. HSBC Finance headquartered in the Netherlands has operations in several countries (mainly in Asia) like Malaysia, Panama, Middle East, Hong Kong, China, Bermuda and Japan. It has control over the original Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking

Service quality management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

armed helper whole tone management - Research Paper ExampleOnline banking, for instance provide customers with an intensify way of running financial processes and the rapid use of mobile turn outment reduce the needs for carrying cash. However, nearly of the times banks back office have thousands of employees that ar handling customer requests. This traditional way of implementation customer requests is costly and slow, lead to delays in handling customers needs and it contains higher wrongful conduct rate. In our research, it was obvious that the chance for automating the back office operations is exists. By redesigning the IT-infrastructure, banks will be open to provide the same financial services with smaller operational divisions running value-adding responsibilities, such as peck originating, loan requests, and any financial process that might require human involvement such as financial reviews. In this report, we will examine and analyze the processes of providing f inancial services to customers in Dubai. XYZ bank is facing a lot of part issues in providing financial services to its customers. The process is taking long time, for example, sometimes the verification process is delayed for 7 days, and the bank is suffering the high cost of its back office. work Quality Role in Improving Quality of Services in the Banking Industry A eggshell of XYZ Bank Recent years has witnessed tremendous changes in the business world which have presented serious challenges to the consummation of businesses. These changes have been attributed to a number of factors including increasing customers and shareholders expectations, technological advancements and increased competition among other factors (Kotler and Keller, 2006, p. 23). The banking industry is unmatched of the industries that have been greatly impacted by the changes in the business world and particularly the technological advancements. Service quality is one of the areas that many banks have f ocused on in an effort to gain warlike advantage over their rivals. Service quality is defined as the sum effect of service capital punishments that are essential in determining the level or degree of satisfaction of a particular substance abuser of the services being offered or provided (Harvey, 2008, p. 584). Quality is viewed as what the customer perceives of a certain delivered service by a particular service provider. Service quality can thus be said to be the comparison that a customer makes between his expectations with the service providers performance. Banks use the service quality tool to improve their employees productivity and customer satisfaction (David, 2001, p. 86). This paper will investigate the role that service quality plays in improving quality of services in the banking industry by looking at a case of the XYZ bank. It will look at the key issues of the bank, their consequences and how the bank is dealing with these issues. Service quality is a critical deter minant and prerequisite of competitiveness for creating and sustaining satisfying relationship between service provider and the customers (Wang and Wang, 2006, p. 4). It is thus an important indicator and measure of customer satisfaction and organization therefore needs to pay more attention to service quality that can lead an organization to gain a haunting competitive advantage. Banks have wildly employed service quality as a tool of evaluating performance of their service (Berry and Zeithami, 2009, p. 45). The advent of internet has incredibly

Comparison Between Virtual Teams and Face-To-Face Teams Research Paper

Comparison Between Virtual Teams and Face-To-Face Teams - Research Paper pillowcaseWorkers like to interact in teams through teleworks, and flexibility in terms of time is often their solve most priority (Kortez, 1999). Social media networks and online calling services have made it all the more favourable to do business through virtual(prenominal) teams. The constraints of distance and time have been minimized to a round extent. While virtual teams argon very beneficial for the members in many ways, there ar to a fault certain unfavorable outcomes associated with working in this way. For example, employees who have never seen their employers are at risk of losing their jobs anytime. in that respect is often no accountability. Employees have limited access to the companys resources. This means that more post is assumed by the employers than what they have in the shell to face teams. This paper explores several aspects of teamwork in virtual and face-to-face style. II. Building stiffness a. Managing a virtual team Dispersed teams can actually go by groups that are colocated. To succeed, however, virtual collaboration must be managed in specific ways (Siebdrat, Hoegl and Ernst, 2009a). ... This provides team members with opportunities to interact face to face and understand one anothers psychology so that when they interact virtually, they are able to draw only true meanings from the conversation. Frequent face to face meetings also allow the members to make the intercultural differences and reach a culture of respect and harmony for maximal utilization of their potential. b. piece excerpt Teams are usually made up of members from different national backgrounds, meaning the members come from different national cultures, peradventure speak different languages, and were raised in different countries that may have different value systems (Staples and Zhao, 2006, p. 389). Member selection in virtual teams is more complicated as a process than it is in fa ce to face teams. This is due to the fact that communication in virtual teams is already affected by need of face to face meetings and the presence of a medium of communication i.e. technology. Communication in virtual teams becomes level off more complicated if the members are from different cultures and speak different languages. For virtual teams, it is advisable for the management to participate only local employees so that all team members speak the same language and can speak with one another without experiencing linguistic barriers. In the face to face teams, management can broaden the criteria for selection and can also welcome foreign employees as body language plays a very beta role in face to face meetings and the influence of linguistic barriers is minimized anyway. c. Team process Principles of effective teamwork in virtual teams include but are not limited to realignment of the reward structures, identification of innovational ways to

Royal Mint Counts Down to London 2012 with Special Coin Essay

over-embellished batch Counts Down to London 2012 with Special Coin - Essay Example over-embellished Mint is a political sympathies owned body under the ownership of HM Treasury. The company is placed in South Wales and employees more than 900 people (Royal Mint, 2012) The Royal Mint has won the advantage of minting exceeding coins for the Olympic event to be held in London in 2012. For this, Royal Mint has started minting and distributing coins since 2009 and has even changed UK regulations to mint kilogram gold coins in limited edition. In this paper, the aim is to develop a suitable merchandiseing strategy, through with(predicate) a sound marketing research, for Royal Mint in order to generate uncorrupted revenues from the profess (Royal Mint, 2009) Marketing Research Marketing Research has been defined by Philip Kotler as the systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of information and findings relevant to a specific situation facing the company (Blankenshi p, Breen and Dutka, 1998 7) While market research is merely concerned with collecting data on the market and analyzing it, marketing research involves a broader spectrum. It provides information on the market, the customer as well as the community. It provides sound information to the marketing managers to develop a good marketing strategy based on the external environment as well as the national environment. Marketing research allows decision makers to make the right marketing decision under guidance from the data collected. Marketing research is usually conducted for launching a new product in the market so that managers may make better decisions by understanding the market and the needs of the consumers. The virtually important sentiment of every marketing research is the identification of the problem which is done through a proper friendship of the background of the situation (Malhotra, et. al, 2002). Background of the Situation With the Olympic Games being held in London for 2012, the Royal Mint has been selected to commemorate the minting, distribution and marketing of the Olympic Coins. Royal Mint, for the designing of the coins, opened up a Royal Mint Public Competition for making the designs of the coins. Out of the 30,000 entries, only 29 designs were chosen for the different sports (BBC, 2010). Furthermore, the UK government changed its legislation to accommodate the new half kilo gold coins for the special affair. Olympic Coins have been introduced in Olympic Games since the time of the Greeks. The purpose of the Olympic coins was to act as a souvenir for the games so that the modal(a) people would relate with the game also. They should also become part of the legacy by buying the coins and finally promoting Olympic Games (Preuss, 2004). Even though the Royal Mint is a leading coin producer in UK and has expanded into the global arena since a long time, it is the first time that the organization has been selected to mint coins for an occas ion as big as the Olympic Games. Therefore in order to efficaciously launch and market its products, the organization needs to conduct a marketing research. Problem Definition Problem Definition is the most important aspect of the marketing research as it forms the foundation of the marketing research. If the researchers are able to secern the problem correctly, the marketing research is made easier and more effective. In the case of the Royal Mint, the problem is the effective manner of launching Olympic Coins in the public. Royal Mint has little or no perplex in this particular field since they have not minted coins for commercial purposes on such a broad level. The question here is not whether to launch

Research Methods for Business Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Methods for Business - Research Proposal ExampleThere are trine different organizations and types of interchange unions, namely industrial unionism, general unionism, and craft unionism.Craft trade unionism refers to a trade union that seeks to protect a particular group of skilled works. General Unionism on the new(prenominal) hand refers to an organization of trade unions that comprise of a variety of skilled workers (Somers, 2013). Industry Unionism on the other hand comprises of all workers within a particular industry, matrimonyed together in peerless organization. To successfully carry out their mission and objectives, Trade Unions have a constitution that governs the conduct of their leaders, and the actions of its members. This seek proposal identifies the manner in which the researcher will gather information and carry out a research on the importance of trade unions and non-union employee representation bodies.Most employers do not encourage their employees to join tr ade unions. This is because trade unions are always accused of creating a negative relationship between employees and their employers. even trade unions play an important role in protecting the interests and welfare of employees. On this note, this research takes the survey that Non-Union Representation bodies and Trade Unions play an important role in improving the working conditions of its members. In back up this thesis, this research will answer the following six questionsTrade Unionism is an example of an organized heading that began during the 19th century in the United States, Great Britain, and continental Europe. In most of these countries of the world, Trade Unionism is used to define the term labor movement. During the 18th century, a number of small associations began to appear in Britain, however, most of these organizations were sporadic, and did not last for a period of time. This is because these small associations of workers got resentment

Syncope Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Syncope - Research Paper ExampleSyncope go off case injury if the victim falls on things that can hurt him or her.Syncope is preceded by dizziness, nausea, light-headedness, and scurrilous out or white out field of vision. Syncope can be triggered by pain, trauma, protracted standing, or emotional stress. Syncope is categorised into several types. Carotid sinus syncope occurs as a result carotid artery constriction around the neck and it normally happens when having a tight collar, in the shaving bring, or after turning the head. Vasovagal syncope is usually triggered by stress, pain, or trauma. Situational syncope occurs in the process of urinating, coughing, defecation or can also be stimulated by gastrointestinal process (Hain, 2009). In a dental office, it is a common phenomenon to encounter cases of syncope. Syncope in this case can be because of anxiety, fear, emotional distress, and pain.Syncope forever and a day happens in a dental office due to fear, comical smells an d images, fasting as a result tooth ache, pain, and fatigue. Syncope is frequent case to young men. The dentist should always be prepared to handle syncope cases. There should be adequate drugs and equipments to handle case of syncope. forwards syncope sets in, the body undergoes a period known as presyncope whereby the victim suffers inadequate cerebral circulation thusly leading to lack of oxygen and glucose. Initial symptoms include a change in the skin likeness to a pale complexion followed by a cold sweat (Hain, 2009). The victim then suffers a feeling of dizziness, warmth around the neck and in the head, nausea, light-headedness, tingling in the fingers and the toes. Many victims may find fault of a bad feeling, or that everything becomes dark prior syncope. Fainting can happen abruptly. Syncope is actually the duration by which the victim loses realization. Other common symptoms are weak thread pulse, hypertension, and bradycardia. Unconsciousness leads to muscle rest res ulting to obstructed airway, because of

Compare and contrast(difference and similarity)between traditional Research Paper

equalize and contrast(difference and similarity)between traditional Yoruban brotherhood and traditional Korean marriage - Research Paper ExampleOf much reside is a deep delve into the understanding by a way of comparison, two cultures (marriage being the park denominator) that reveals elements inherent and unique to a particular community or groups of people.Providing perfect specimens under this study is the Yoruba and the Korean traditional marriages. It will be of interest to learn how communities separated far and wide living some(prenominal) miles away from each other, with no basis of interaction then, could exhibit similar features in their marriage customs. much so, sharp contrasts in some of the features evident uniquely in either of the two undeniably confirms and gives them their pagan identity as far as marriage processes are concerned.Where everything is equal and normal, records Johnson ,113, a Yoruba traditional marriage involves three stages an early intimation , a formal betrothal and marriage. In the first stage little girls are attach out from childhood with or without their consent as intentioned for marriage to particular young men. No girl would get married without the parents consent and such was the basis for the betrothal stage or Isihun. It was accompanied by a ceremony where the parties involved feasted and offered sacrifices, the Ebo Iyawo or the bride sacrifice. The final stage which is marriage could be carried out at any time of the year except during the fasts (Johnson, 114). The Korean traditional marriage on the other softwood is a six stage process Exchange of the letter of four pillars, selection of the wedding day, move of wedding gifts, the marriage ceremony, the bridal room and the new path (Lee et al, 157) Insight into these stages are illuminated in the passages below.Unique to the Korean culture is the letter of four pillars (saju) on which the year of birth, month, day and time of the bride or groom were writ ten. Lee et al, 157, notes that the letter symbolized engagement. Arrangements of this nature are clearly absent in the Yoruba

Justifications For Improvement In Social Services for the Aged in the Republic of Ireland Essay Example for Free

Justifications For Improvement In complaisant Services for the Aged in the Republic of Ireland Essay addition to health and societal operate remains a fundamental human right to a polish society like that of untaught of Ireland. Every person, regardless of age, religion or political affiliation should be able to ingress health and dish outs if and when they select it. In the case of people with special necessarily, access to these portions becomes even more important. This is because they atomic number 18 the wizs that argon probably to need these services more frequently. They argon besides the ones who are likely to be unable to access these services, despite the fact that they need them more. These people with special needs include the antique, the children and the disabled amongst new(prenominal)s. For example, those people with mental illnesses are entitled to visits from amicable workers. These visits are made by the social worker to the phratrys of the mentally ill to make sure that the family is treating them with respect and deal and to make sure that they take their medicine in time and when the need arises. The aged in the republic of Ireland are entitled to certain fundamental social and health services.These include treatment for the diseases that are likely to afflict them and counselling from the social workers. However, it is with deep concern that the writer has renowned that the social services that are availed to this group of people are not enough. Some of them are forced to go to homes for the aged where it is verbalise that they will be receiving social and medical services round the clock. However, it is not the wish of these people to put across the rest of their lives enclosed in an institution that they did not want in the first place.This writer noted that the home based care of these people needs to be improved. They should be allowed to stay at their homes. solely the number of social workers should be i ncreased such that every old person has a personalised social worker who will be accessible at all times. Thus, this paper is advocating for the improvement of home based social care for the aged. Status of the Social Services for the Aged in the Republic of Ireland Social service in Ireland falls under(a) the docket of public health care system for the country (Cahill 2008).It is enshrined in the health act that was enacted in the year 2004. This act provided for the development of institutions that are tasked with providing social services to every citizen of this country. The social services as such ended up been a bulge and principle of the Health Service Executive (Chandran 2008). Within the HSE, as this body is popularly known, social service is under the department of primary, community and continuing care (Gunnar 2007). The services that are provided for the older people include reclamation and community services.They are also provided by home based services. The latter includes the visitations made by the nurses and other community health officials to the homes of the aged. This paper is going to petition the HSE to improve the social services that the aged gets at their homes, rather than at the institutions for the aged. Improved Social Services for the Irish Aged In 2006, a numerate was conducted in the republic of Ireland by the Central Statistics Office of Ireland. According to this census, the aged in Ireland were estimated at 207,000 for the mannish and 260,000 for the females (Schnepper 2008).These were the ones who are aged sixty five years and above. This is the group that is considered and defined as the aged. They are the ones that need social services more than the others in the society. This number seems big if it is compared with the total number of social service providers that are employed by NSE. NSE employs around 100,000 service care providers. These are the ones that provide care for the aged, the children, the mentally ill and the disabled amongst others (Higgins 2009).As such, the service provision for the old is neglected, since these care providers are overworked and their resources overstretched. As such, NSE needs to recruit more service providers to supply for the old. The old people have problems accessing not only the social services entitled to them, but also other services like the home care scheme, which provides for a package to cover for their treatment. The national economic and social forum came up with a report on May 2009 highlighting the difficulties that these people experience as they try to access this service (Hughes 2009).This package has admirered at least ten thousand Irish aged in 2008 (Hughes 2009). But this number is very tenuous compared to the earlier stated estimates of the aged. This means that some of these people are unable to access this service. Something must be done to enable these people to access the service. It is not enough to provide for the service in so ciety, the government activity must make sure that the services are accessed by those people who need it. As conjuration Rawls says, institutions in the society. ut regulation in place to ensure that support services are availed to those who experience the targeted problem (Hughes 2009). This means that HSE should ensure that the old people get the services that are operable for them. There is only one way to ensure this. If these people had access to a social worker, he will be able to sensitise them on how to access such services when the need for it arises. The social worker will not only help the aged access the service, he will also ensure identify situations when the service is called for.It is fact that Irish aged have little or no access to the care services that they need. Many old people, since they lack constant care and other services, ends up developing complications that asterisks to their incapacitation. These complications could have been avoided if they had acce ssed the appropriate care at the appropriate time (Chandran 2008). For example, they develop diseases like cardiac and diabetes. These diseases can be prevented by healthy diet and exercise. However, these people have no one to apprize them on the best diet to take in order to avoid such illnesses.They have no one to advise them on the lifestyle they should slang in order to live healthy. As such, these complications lead to their admissions to nursing homes. This is too little too late, since the condition is likely to have deteriorated. However, if they had the constant care of a home based social service provider, they would have been advised appropriately on the lifestyle to adopt and diet to take to avoid such incidences (Higgins 2009). According to John Rawl equality cannot be achieved by declivity the least advantaged (Hughes 2009).This means that there will be no equality in the society if the position of the less advantaged (in this case the old) is made worse. This wi ll be a contradiction to the human rights of justice and equality to all. Less than three percent of Irish aged enjoys home based care, like the one provided for by the social workers (Schnepper 2008). This is as compared to other countries in this continent, like the United Kingdom. This number is very small, considering the number of aged people that are in this country.The reasons for this measly access are varied. Some include ignorance on the part of the aged, as they do not know that such services do exist. The other reason, and may be the most important, is that there is a shortage of social care providers. This means that there is no one to deliver these services to the aged. The services are there, but there is no one to deliver them. result There is disproportionately large number of aged people in Ireland as compared to the social service providers.As such, the aged remain to have their health and well being deteriorate. Majority of the aged offer from depression. This can be mitigated if they have access to the services of social care providers, who will help by counselling them. It is not only their mental health that is at risk, but also their somatogenetic health. There is need then for NSE to increase the number of home based social service providers to cater for the well being of this segment of the society.

Analysis of how both companies meet their financial objectives and aims Essay Example for Free

Analysis of how twain companies meet their financial objectives and aims EssayIn this report I puzzle decided to concentrate on two companies, Woolworths plc and WHSmith plc, I will be analysing and comparing the two companies on their objectives (what they say their objectives are, and how they meet those objectives set) and their performances (if they have made profit or loss). I will research exclusively these from their annual report, which is provided on the Internet.An mental home of both companies Woolworths is known to be one of Britains leading general merchandise retailers, with great brands, strong commercialize position and a powerful presence in home entertainment. The company has one of the highest customer shoppers performances of all UK retailers and today known to be the largest non-food retail chains. WHSmith is also one of the UKs leading retail groups incorporating market-leading companies in sell publishing and news distributing.WHSmith has 1,464 store s world-wide all these locate in place like the UK high street, airport, stations and countries out of doors of the United Kingdom such as North America and Asia The performance of the companies Last year was an consequential and challenging year for the Woolworth the first half of the year when they were still part of Kingfishers plc was a moment of disbelief as the future of the company was being decided.The company detached themselves from Kingfisher plc on 28 August 2001, leaving them with 200 million of debt, over ? 100 million of excess stock, loss marking new coiffure and e-business. Woolworths formats are designed to appeal to the value-conscious consumer. Woolworths is a mass-market retailer with a leading brand and broad point of intersection offering at competitive prices.Their mission is to be at the heart of the community and the best love retailer for kids, home and family leisure. The companys brand is known to be one of the best-recognised retail brands in the U K and proving this is on average, 6. 5 million customer transactions are made on tills per week. Woolworths business operates in the UK general marketing market, which is both large and highly fragmented, with participants of varying sizes and covering different category mixes.

Enforcement mechanism Essay Example for Free

Enforcement mechanism Essay1). In the absence of any legally attach enforcement mechanism, individual cartel producers may find it advantageous to cheat on the agreements and engage in mysterious price concessions.2). When a promisor fails to put full parkway into the performance of an agreement, yet the lack of effort is not independently verifiable, this lack of effort constitutes a3). The Herfindahl-Hirschman index is a measure of ____.4). In long haul equilibrium, all steadfastlys in a pure competition market situation operating under a condition of certainty get out have identical costs even though they may drill different production and operation techniques. 5). The distinctive characteristic of an oligopolistic market structure is that there ar perceptible interdependencies among the decisions of the crockeds.6). The Sherman Act prohibits7). Buying electricity off the freewheeling grid at one quarter til the moment for delivery on the hour illustrates8). Effectiv e collusion generally is more difficult as the come of oligopolistic firms involved increases.9). In pure competition10). An oligopoly is characterized by11). The kinked demand curve model was developed to alleviate explain12). The profit-maximizing monopolist, faced with a negative-sloping demand curve, will always produce13). Capital expenditures14). Which of the following(a) public policies has (have) the effect of restricting competition15). The cost of capital can be thought of as the rate of return required by investors in the firms securities.16). ____ occur whenever a third party receives or bears costs arising from an economic transaction in which the individual (or group) is not a direct participant.17). A firm in pure competition would shut down when18). The expected rate of return from a destiny of stock consists of 19). In the purely competitive case, marginal revenue (MR) is equal to20). In theshort-run for a purely competitive market, a manufacturer will stop prod uction when21). Patents have been defended by some(prenominal) on the grounds that they stimulate inventive activity. Others have argued for changes in current patent laws because22). A monopoly will always produce less than a purely competitive industry, ceteris paribus.23). The practice by telephone companies of charging pass up long-distance rates at night than during the day is an example of24). When the cross elasticity of demand amongst one product and all other products is low, one is generally referring to a(n) ____ situation.25). The decision by the Municipal pass Authority to either refurbish subsisting buses, buy new large buses, or to supplement the existing fleet with mini-buses is an example of26). Which of the following statements is (are) true concerning a pure competition situation?27). Which of the following are not approaches to resolving the principal-agent difficulty28). If a cartel seeks to maximize profits, the market share (or quota) for each firm shoul d be set at a level such that the ____ of all firms is identical.29). In the electric motive industry, residential customers have relatively ____ demands for electricity compared with large industrial users and generally are charged ____ rates.30). The largest problem faced in cartel pricing agreements such as OPEC is31). Non-redeployable durable assets that are dependent upon curious complementary and perfectly redeployable assets to achieve substantial value-added will typically be organized as32). government mechanisms are designed33). A(n) ____ is characterized by a relatively small number of firms producing a product.34). The antitrust laws make up ones mind all of the following business decisions except ____.36). In the case of pure monopoly

Principal and practice of managment Essay Example for Free

Principal and practice of managment EssayThe Principles of Scientific Management is a monograph or a specialist wrick published by Frederick Winslow Taylor in 1911. Scientific focal point is a new thinking on heed. The literary meaning of scientific heed is performing the exploit of management in a scientific manner. In some other words, discarding the traditional approaches to management and adopting newer and more scientific approaches in their place is called scientific management. Taylor has said that before commencing any work, a manager should first analyze it thoroughly, and solo then take any decision, first lets try to understand the principles of scientific management by Taylor in brief then we will see why these scientific principles dissent from the common principles. Scientific management by Taylor consisted of four principles-1.They pay off a science for each element of a mans work, which replaces the old conventionality-of-thumb method.2.They scientifica lly select and then train, teach, and develop the workman, whereas in the past he chose his own work and trained himself as best he could.3.They heartily cooperate with the men so as to escort all of the work being done in accordance with the principles of the science which has been developed.4.There is an almost equal function of the work and the right amongst the management and the workmen. The management take over all work for which they are better fitted than the workmen, while in the past almost all of the work and the greater part of the responsibility were thrown upon the men. Now lets try to see why principles of scientific management differ from the ordinary principles. Below are the points where we can see the important principles of scientific management and the difference between principles of scientific management and ordinary principles. Decisions are made on the basis of facts and by the application of scientific decisions in scientific management principles in c ontrast to ordinary principles.Scientific management principle suggests that work assigned to any employee should be observed, analyzed with respect to each and every element and part and date involved in it in contrast to ordinary principles.Scientific management brings replacement of ordinary rule of thumb by the use of method of enquiry, investigation, data collection, analysis and framing of rules.Inthe Scientific management, management has to come through opportunities for development of workers having better capabilities in contrast to ordinary principles.According to Taylor efforts should be made to develop each employee to his greatest level and cogency prosperity in the Scientific management principle.Physical, mental other requirement should be specified for each and every job.There should be scientifically designed unconscious process for the selection of workers in contrast to ordinary principle. Workers should be selected trained to make them fit for the job.The management has to provide opportunities for development of workers having better capabilities.According to Taylor efforts should be made to develop each employee to his greatest level and efficiency prosperity.Taylor believed in co-operation and not individualism.It is only through co-operation that the goals of the enterprise can be achieved efficiently.There should be no conflict between managers workers.Taylor believed that interest of employer employees should be fully harmonized so as to secure mutually understanding relations between them.This principle determines the concrete nature of roles to be played by unalike level of managers workers.The management should assume the responsibility of planning the work whereas workers should be concerned with execution of task. thus planning is to be separated from execution.

A View from the Bridge Essay Essay Example for Free

A View from the tie Essay EssayA View From The Bridge is a play that was first point in timed in 1955. It was written by Arthur Miller. Arthur Miller was born into a Jewish family in New York in 1915, whose grandparents had sleep together to America from Poland. When the family business failed, they moved to Brooklyn, where A View from the Bridge is set. There, Miller worked in a warehouse to earn money for his university fees. He began to write plays when he was in university and continued to write them after he graduated and became a journalist. In the play, subjection dictates the events very strongly as because of Eddies mixed emotions for Catharine he chooses to be more loyal to her than to all of his family. Miller commemorates the importance of loyalty through Eddie telling Catharine the Vinnie Bolzano story. Catharines response shows the earshot that in Italy, family loyalty is the most important thing as Catharine is both shocked and appall that Vinnie snitched o n his own Uncle this is wherefore she shockingly says The kid snitched?Miller uses this as an opportunity to tell the audience that the Italian American community is very loyal, which makes Eddies betrayal even more shocking. Because Vinnie snitched on his Uncle he could never show his face in public because all(prenominal) one despised and loathed him this is why Beatrice says I never seen him again. This also shows that the Italian American Community has a very if you snitch on one of us, you snitch on all of us mentality.Another way that Arthur Miller portrays the importance of loyalty in the play is the references Eddie uses to Catharines convey. this iterate shows that Eddie tries to use the promise he made to Catharines Mother as an excuse for being so strict and this is why he says I promised your Mother on her death bed. This is why he doesnt want her working in the dodgy articulation of town where as it is because of the emotions he feels toward Catharine and he doesnt want her to have another male cypher in her life who could be more important than he is.One of the most important sentiments in the play is the Phone Call scene which shows Eddie changing his loyalties from his family and friends, to just Catharine. Give me the number for the immigration berth this shows Eddie doing what Vinnie Bolzano didand snitching on Marco and Rodolpho, he does this because of the mixed and confusing emotions he feels for Catharine.Miller also uses stagedirections in the scene such as A phone booth begins to glow on the opposite side of the stage a faint, lonely blue I think that Miller uses the Lighting on the phone booth to show the audience the conflict going on in Eddies head to loose every thing (his family and friends friendship, love, trust and loyalty) but keep Catharine for himself When the immigration officers arrive at the house, Eddie looses the respect and loyalty from his family.Beatrice realizes what Eddie has do when she saysMy God, what d id you do? . She is completely shocked and horrified as Eddie was a loyal and family orientated man. Miller uses this quote to show the audience that Beatrice is astounded and aghast that Eddie has chosen Catherine over her, even though she is his wife.Marco is furious with the point that Eddie has just ruined any chance of him getting an American citizenship, this now means that Marco wouldnt be able to get a well paid job and support his family back in Italy. This is why he says That one He killed my children That one stole the food from my children this is because although Eddie hasnt directly murdered Marcos family, his actions will lead to Marco getting deported and he wouldnt be able to give his family money to demoralize food and they would consequently die.The audience would be shocked by what he is saying as he is insulting Eddie who Miller has made out to be the confused character who although he is doing something terrible he thinks that he is doing it for the right rea sons, and the audience would therefore feel sorry for him. Miller uses the loyalty theme to show the weakness of men, Eddie betrays his family and community because of the mixed emotions he feels for Catharine.

A summer in Canada Essay Example for Free

A pass in Canada EssayAll my life I have chosen to experience as more as possible to enrich myself, but the near memorable experience in my childhood was the spend following seventh grade in school. I went to a summer camp in Vancouver, Canada where I spent half the day immersed in cultural studies and the other half involved in distant activities. Then I went to my aunts house in Toronto for two weeks. That was the first time I had traveled abroad. I was very excited about this trip and learned a lot from it, including the benefits of teachers today interacting with students, the rewards of campaigning immature things, and having the time to appreciate natures beauty and urban life. I find several ways the culture of Canada differed from Chinese culture. First, unlike in China, Western people place gravid emphasis on interacting. For example, when I had a class in Canada, the teachers were more likely to communicate with the students instead of just teaching. We were not just listeners. I really admire this kind of education because it helped me better extend involved in my studies. Second, the teachers often pushed students to go outside to do research. For instance, I went to the market to make a statistical comparison of the price for every kind of product. It forced me to communicate with the staff in the market. As a matter of fact, I improved my English.In addition, people in Western countries liked to try new things. In China, I spent most of my time indoors studying I didnt know the wisdom to be found in engaging nature and its environment. For instance, I went camping on a big mountain and spent a night there. I came across many a(prenominal) new experiences such as making a fire or erecting the tent and conquering them both. aft(prenominal) I experienced these activities, I not only captured the Canadian culture, but also learned many skills from it. Furthermore, as I was living in a homestay the first two weeks, I became more inde pendent. I was forced to deal with my living conditions by myself. I learned to wash my own clothes, cook virtually simple dishes, clean my room, and do rough housework. This helped me a lot on my future life.Apart from having some new ideas when I traveled in Canada, I motto many amazing views both in nature and in the city. I went to a place called Butchart Garden, which is near Vancouver with beautiful scenery. I took many pictures of flowers and trees. It was the most beautiful garden I had ever seen. What is more, I was attracted by the atmosphere on a passage in the downtown of Toronto. When I was sitting in a chair near the street, I saw many people in the caf enjoying the moment.They were just drinking and talking. That suddenly reminded me that I should never stop aspect around to what is happening right now. When I was in China, I was always concentrated with taking unity exam after another exam, and never stopped to reflect on what was around me. Having time to jud ge about myself and my needs now seemed to be necessary in my life.In conclusion, this experience in Canada taught me how to decease a more balanced life and how to communicate more effectively with others. This trip changed me and made my childhood more meaningful as well as improving my abilities in both studying and living.

Infectious Disease and Health Protection Agency Essay Example for Free

Infectious Disease and health Protection Agency EssayThe steering is divided into sections as follows component part 1Introduces contagion tone down and explains nonification instalment 2deals with general infection control procedures Section 3gives guidance on the management of bams Section 4describes specific infectious diseases Section 5 concern numbers and sources of information Section 6contains additive detailed information and a table of diseases Section 7contains guess assessments relevant to infection control Section 8 research sources, references and useful web sitesFurther information is gettable from the aliment Safety consultant at Leicestershire County Council and from the health Protection Agency East Midlands South. Contact numbers argon listed in Section 5. The aim of this document is to provide simple advice on the actions needed in the majority of situations likely to be encountered in social c be settings. It is indite in everyday language and drive homeed so that individual win areas rout out be easily copied for use as a single sheet. 1. 1 HOW ARE INFECTIONS convey? 1. 2 INFECTION CONTROL GUIDANCEInfection control forms part of our everyday lives, usu every last(predicate)y in the form of joint sense and basic hygiene procedures. Where large numbers of people come in contact with each opposite, the take chances of spreading infection increases. This is particularly so where people are in close contact and share eating and living accommodation. It is important to brook guidelines to protect service users, lag and visitors. Adopting these guidelines and standard infection control practices will minimise the spread of infectious diseases to everyone. External FactorsIf you or soulfulness in your immediate family has a Notifiable Disease such as rubeola (see 1. 3) or infection such as Impetigo, diarrhoea, vomiting or Scabies, please inform your line manager before plan of attack to work. If you regularly visit p eople in hospital please be aware of the potential essay of cross infection to yourself and the soulfulness you are visiting. Above all when dealing with service users and their families we must all remember we are dealing with people. There will be personal issues of privacy and sensitivity, which we must get across with tact and discretion at all cadences. What are Infection Control Practices?Infection control practices are ways that everyone (staff, service users volunteers) can prevent the transmission of infection from one person to another. They are practices which should be routinely adopted, at all times with every individual, on every occasion, regardless of whether or not that person is known to have an infection. 1. 2 INFECTION CONTROL GUIDANCE cont. include 1. 3 apprisal OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES A number of infectious diseases are statutorily notifiable under The Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984 and The Public Health (Infectious Diseases) Regulations 1988. There are three main reasons for such notification. So that control measures can be taken To monitoring device preventative programmes For surveillance of infectious diseases in order to monitor levels of infectious diseases and to detect outbreaks so that effective control measures can be taken. All doctors diagnosing or suspecting a case of either of the infectious diseases listed overleaf have a legal duty to composing it to the Proper Officer of the Local Authority, who is usually the adviser in Communicable Disease Control ground at the Health Protection Agency.Notification should be made at the time of clinical diagnosis and should not be delayed until laboratory confirmation is authoritative. Infections marked (T) should be notified by telephone to the Consultant in Communicable Disease Control (see Section 5) and confirmed by completion of a written notification form. 1. 3 NOTIFICATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES cont. Notifiable Diseases Acute encephalitis Paratyphoid(T) Acute poliomyelitisPlague(T) AnthraxRabies(T) Cholera(T)Relapsing Fever(T) Diphtheria(T) epidemic roseola Dysentry(T)Scarlet Fever Food poisoning orSmall Pox suspected food poisoning LeprosyTetanus Leptospirosis tebibyteMalariaTyphoid febricity(T) morbilliTyphus fever(T) Meningitis * (T)Viral haemorrhagic fever(T) Meningococcal septicaemia(T)Viral hepatitis ** (without meningitis) MumpsWhooping cough Opthalmia neonatorumYellow fever * meningococcal, pneumococcal, haemophilus influenzae, viral, other specified, unspecified ** Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B Hepatitis C, other (T)Please notify the Consultant in Communicable Disease Control or person on call for the Health Protection Agency by telephone. Other specific diseases are designated by the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 as Reportable Occupational Diseases e.g. Legionellosis. Please contact the Health Safety police squad for further information (see section 5 for details). 1. 3 NOTIFIC ATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES cont. Notification of suspected outbreaks An outbreak is defined as two or more cases of a condition related in time and location with suspicion of transmission. Prompt investigation of an outbreak and introduction of control measures depends upon early communication. Suspicion of any association between cases should prompt contact with the Health Protection Agency. 1. 4 IMMUNISATIONCOSHH requires that if a gamble assessment shows there to be a risk of exposure to biological agents for which vaccines exist, then these should be cristaled if the employee is not already immune. In practice, with Social Care Services, this generally amounts to care staff within the Mental Health and Learning Disabilities Services being offered Hepatitis B vaccination. Care home managers, after assessing risks, whitethorn also offer flu vaccination to staff and individual cases may indicate the need for immunisation in accepted circumstances. The pros and cons of immunis ation/non-immunisation should be explained when making the offer of immunisation.The Health Safety at Work Act 1974 requires that employees are not charged for protective measures such as immunisation. A few GPs will make vaccinations available free to Social Care workers but they are not obliged to do so and can charge at their discretion. Departmental funding for the provision of vaccine, through Occupational Health, is restricted and so it is rattling that only those to whom it is essential to provide immunisation are offered this service. The majority of staff will have received immunisation from childhood and have received the appropriate booster doses e. g. Tetanus, Rubella, Measles and Polio.However, it is important for the immunisation put forward of staff to be checked e. g. women of childbearing age should be protected against Rubella. Good practice and common sense should indicate that the immunisation state of staff is checked and appropriate action taken. If there is a potential risk of infection, change of work rotas or areas of responsibility can sometimes avoid the risk of contamination. Vaccination is not always the only course of action and in some cases staff may not agree to be vaccinated. 1. 4. 1 IMMUNISATION SCHEDULE Vaccine Age Notes D/T/P and Hib Polio 1st dose at 2 months2nd dose at 3 months 3rd dose at 4 months Primary Course Measles / Mumps / Rubella (MMR) 12 15 months Can be given at any age over 12 months patron DT and Polio, MMR second dose 3 5 years Three years after completion of firsthand course BCG 10 14 years or infancy Only offered to certain high risk groups after an initial risk assessment Booster Tetanus, Diphtheria and Polio 13 18 years Children should hence have received the following vaccines By 6 months3 doses of DTP, Hib and Polio By 15 monthsMeasles / Mumps / Rubella By school entry4th DT and Polio second dose of Measles / Mumps / RubellaBetween 10 14 yearsBCG (certain high risk groups only) Before loss school5th Polio and Tetanus Diphtheria (Td) Adults should receive the following vaccines Women sero-negative Rubella For Rubella Previously un-immunisedPolio, Tetanus, Diphtheria Individuals Individuals in high Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A, Influenza risk groupsPneumonococcal vaccine 1. 5 EXCLUSION FROM WORK The following table gives advice on the minimum point of expulsions from work for staff members suffering from infectious disease (cases) or in contact with a case of infection in their own homes (home contacts).Advice on work excisions can be seek from CCDC (Consultant in Communicable Disease Control) / HPN (Health Protection Nurse) / CICN (Community Infection Control Nurse) / EHO (Environmental Health Officer) or GP (General Practitioner) marginal elimination period Disease Period of Infectivity Case Home contact Chickenpox Infectious for 1-2 days before the plan of attack of symptoms and 6 days after rash appears or until lesions are crusted (if unyieldinger) 6 days fr om onset of rash none. Non-immune pregnant women should seek medical advice Conjunctivitis Until 48 hours after discussion Until discharge stops noneErythema infectiosum (slapped cheek syndrome) 4 days before and until 4 days after the onset of the rash Until clinically hale None. Pregnant women should seek medical advice Gastroenteritis (including salmonellosis and shigellosis) As pertinacious as organism is stage in sesss, but mainly while diarrhoea lasts Until clinically well and 48 hours without diarrhoea or vomiting. CCDC or EHO may advise a bulkyer period of exclusion CCDC or EHO will advise on local policy Glandular fever When symptomatic Until clinically well None Giardia lamblia While diarrhoea is endue Until 48 hours after first normal stoolNone Hand, foot and mouth disease As long as active ulcers are present 1 week or until open lesions are healed None Hepatitis A The incubation period is 15-50 days, average 28-30 days. Maximum infectivity occurs during the latte r half of the incubation period and continues until 7 days after distort appears 1 week after onset of jaundice None immunisation may be sure (through GP) HIV/AIDS For life None None 1. 5 EXCLUSION FROM WORK cont. Minimum exclusion period Disease Period of infectivity Case Home contact Measles Up to 4 days before and until 4 days after the rash appears4 days from the onset of the rash None Meningitis Varies with organism Until clinical recovery None Mumps Greatest infectivity from 2 days before the onset of symptoms to 4 days after symptoms appear 4 days from the onset of the rash None Rubella (German measles) 1 week before and until 5 days after the onset of the rash 4 days from the onset of the rash None Streptococcal sore throat and Scarlet fever As long as the organism is present in the throat, usually up to 48 hours after antibiotic is started Until clinically improved (usually 48 hours after antibiotic is started) NoneShingles Until after the last of the lesions are ironi cal Until all lesions are dry minimum 6 days from the onset of the rash None Tuberculosis Depends on part infected. Patients with open TB usually become non-infectious after 2 weeks of treatment In the case of open TB, until cleared by TB clinic. No exclusion necessary in other situations Will require medical follow-up Threadworm As long as eggs present on perianal skin None but requires treatment Treatment is necessary Typhoid fever As long as case harbours the organism Seek advice from CCDCSeek advice from CCDC Whooping cough 1 week before and until 3 weeks after onset of cough (or 5 days after the start of antibiotic treatment) Until clinically well, but check with CCDC None 1. 5 EXCLUSION FROM WORK cont. SKIN CONDITIONS Minimum exclusion period Disease Period of infectivity Case Home contact Impetigo As long as purulent lesions are present Until skin has healed or 48 hours after treatment started None. Avoid communion towels Head lice As long as lice or live eggs are presen t fend off until treated Exclude until treated Ringworm1. Tinea capitis (head) 2. Tinea corporis (body) 3. Tinea pedis (athletes foot) As long as active lesions are present As long as active lesions are present As long as active lesions are present Exclusion not always necessary until an epidemic is suspected None None None None None Scabies Until mites and eggs have been destroyed Until day after treatment is given None (GP should treat family) Verrucae (plantar warts) As long as wart is present None (warts should be covered with waterproof dressing for swimming and barefoot activities) None

Matrimonial Rights of Women Essay Example for Free

Matrimonial Rights of Women Es register Moslem law is a truly great jurisprudence worldwide, Moslem law is defined as the law gibe to the Moslem organized religion and as interpreted from the script also know as Sharia law. The sacred law of Islam is an comprehensive body of religious duties, the totality of Allahs commands that regulate the life of every(prenominal) Moslem in both its aspects. master(prenominal) feature of Islamic law is the f deport that there is no gather in separation of Mosque (is a go in of worship for followers of Islam) and state. Under Moslem law, the religion of Islam and the g everywherenment atomic number 18 one. Islamic law is controlled, control and regulated by the Islamic religion a theocracy. Islamic law purports to regulate whole exoteric and private behavior including mortalal hygiene, diet, sexual conduct, and child rearing. Islamic law now prevails in countries all over the Middle East and elsewhere covering 20 per cent o f the worlds population. Despite its recounting inflexibility, in virtually appearances, Islamic law is superior to other systems of law, such as the preference apt(p) to arbitrement in civil disputes.Islamic law composed of following elements* Sharia* Quran* Sunnah of illusionist Muhammad (generally known as Hadith)* Sunnah, literally miserlys path.* The Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad incorporates of his sayings, actions, approval and disapprovals.* ?Fiqh* Collection of juridical opinions inclined by various jurists as they pondered over the day-to-day application of Sharia* ?Fatwa* Legal opinions (typically non-binding) issued by fitted jurists.* Usually provided as an answer to a specific question.Sharia is based on wisdom and achieving hoi pollois welf ar in this life and the afterlife. Sharia is all ab break through justice, mercy, wisdom, and good. Thus, any ruling that replaces justice with injustice, mercy with its opposite, common good with mischief, or wisdom with n onsense is a ruling that does non go away to the Sharia even it is claimed to be so according to some interpretations.The main criticism on Islamic law from the western society is Islamic law discriminates womens rights. Western society has identified so many womens right violating incidents occurred in the countries which practices Islamic law or the countries which identify themselves as an Islamic republic. For example the following incidents could be recognized as the discriminatory aspect of Islamic law.Traditionally, the Islamic adult female marries at a young age to a man of her fathers choice. A keep up is entitled to come apart any clock time, even against his wifes will, by merely declaring verbally that this is his intention.Although the image of the egalitarian cleaning lady is slowly maturation within some to a greater extent secular Arab states, it remains largely confined to urban centers and upper-class circles. rite sexual mutilation of females is still com mon in rural aras of Egypt, Libya, Oman and Yemen. According to the UN, utilization of Arab womens capabilities through political and sparing participation remains the lowest in the world in quantitative terms.In some countries with elect national assemblies, women are still denied the right to vote or hold office.And one in every two Arab women wad neither read nor write. Wife-beating is a relatively common practice in Arab countries, and mistreated women father little recourse. As the State Department has noted regarding Jordan (and close of the Arab world) Wife beating is technically grounds for divide, alone the economize may namek to demonstrate that he has authority from the Quran to reprobate an irreligious or disobedient wife by striking her. Abstraction of all above issues points out that most of the restriction on Muslim women connected with their marital life. A patriarchy family system has been organize through Islamic norms and values. however Islamic legal experts and scholars denies the above statement and they strongly argue that Islamic law grants practicallytimes wider rights to womens especially in eccentric person of espousal life the Islamic women enjoys much wider rights other than non Islamic womens. Now lets snap myths and facts regarding the matrimonial rights provided under the Islamic law. number 1 of all lets see how Islamic laws treat gender make upity. And women shall choose rights similar to the rights upon them in a just and equit equal to(p) mood but men have a degree over them (Holy Quran2228). rendition given for the above poesy by Islamic scholars is the rights of the wives in relation to their hubbys are equal to their obligations toward their husbands but men in their obligations toward their wives stand a step further The step further of which the Quran speaks is not a position of greater rank or nobility. The step the Quran makes reference to is the de rigueur duty given to the man in the care of the woman it is not a degree of superiority. Allah appointive men with the responsibility to preserve and solely sustain women.The step further is in no way a form of dominance or preferment. The Quran consistently makes reference to equity, parity, and equilibrium among the genders. It disposes of genders and makes no promissory note whatsoever between the superiority or inferiority of men and women. On the contrary, it is the piety of a person that distinguishes him or her by ranks or degrees, not gender or lineage. As verbalize in this verse step further husband duty bound to wield his wife, Now lets see how does Shariah law ensures the Right to Maintenance of a wife. The duty to maintain a wife is the sole responsibility of a husband under Islamic Law.This can be seen in the Quran where it states that hands shall take full care of women with the bounties which Allah has bestowed more abundantly on the former (men, with several special merits) than on the latter (women) , al so because they spend a part of (their wealth) to maintain them.This command is further strengthened by a number of Hadith as follows Prophet said the following concerning women, And their rights which are your responsibility is to move and clothed them in accord to their needs Hence, from the above it is the duty and responsibility of a husband to buy at his wife from the day he marry her. This responsibility continues as long as they are married to each other. Upon divorce, a husband has to maintain his wife during the iddah period which is approximately 3 months. After the 3 months is completed, a husband may no longer have to reliever her. Apart from upkeep a woman is also entitled to mutaah (consolidation payment upon divorce) and matrimonial property (harta sepencarian)In effort of Maintenance Srilankan Muslim spousal relationship and Divorce Act provides that any claim for maintenance by or on behalf of a wife, legitimate child or illegitimate child (where both pare nts are Muslims) falls within the undivided jurisdiction of the Quazi. A Muslim womans right to maintenance during conjugal union is derived from the concept of nafaqa, which encompasses the planning of underlying needs such as food, clothing and accommodation to the wife. In contrast to the Maintenance Act, the husband has the primary obligation of providing support and a wifes own fiscal mean are irrelevant in determining her claim for maintenance. Maintenance after divorce is not recognized under Muslim personal law. However, the Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act provide three situations in which a break up wife may claim maintenance 1. until adjustment of the divorce2. During iddat (the period of time that a divorced wife must(prenominal) remain unmarried) and 3. If such woman is pregnant at the time of registration of the divorce, until she delivers the child. A wife who leaves her husbands base without valid and sufficient reason is not entitled to claim maintenance fr om her husband under section 21 of the Muslim Marriage and Divorce Registration Ordinance. In the case of Seyed Mohamed V.Mohamed Ali Lebbe Court held that When the woman abandons the conjugal domicile without any valid reason she is not entitled to maintenance. bare(a) refractoriness, as has been popularly supposed, does not lead to a throw in the towelure of her right But if she were to leave the house against his will without any valid reason, she would lose her right, but would recover it on her return to the conjugal domicile. What is a valid and sufficient reason for the wife to leave the husbands base is a effect for the discretion of the Judge. As a general principle a wife who leaves her husbands house on account of his or his transaction continued ill-treatment of her. continues entitled to her maintenance .Custody of the childShariah law give antecedency to womens in case of custody of child, One of the key relevant hadith is the following, a woman came to the Proph et and said Truly my belly served as a container for my son here, and my breast served as a skin-bag for him (to drink out of) and my bosom served as a refuge for him and now his father has divorced me, and he (also) desires to take him away from me. The Prophet said You have a better right to have him, as long as you do not marry again. From this hadith we could arrive a acquire understanding that in case of child custody the Mother has the priority.However, if the yield marries again she would generally forfeit her right to custody. This concept in custody which favors to renders has been adopted in several legal systems which include Muslim law as a personal law. For example in India the first and foremost right to have the custody of children belongs to the mother and she cannot be deprived of her right so long as she is not erect guilty of misconduct. Mother has the right of custody so long as she is not disqualified. This right is known as right of hizanat (custody) and it can be enforced against the father or any other person.The mothers right of hizanat was solely recognized in the interest of the children and in no sense it is an strong right. Srilankan legal system also follows similar phenomena in regarding the custody of Muslim child which ensures the priority of the mother to keep her children under her custody even without the bear of her husband. In re Wappu Marikar case Wood Renton CJ stated that according to Shafii school, the custody of a girl remains with the mother, not merely until pubescence, but till she is real married and in the case of a boy, till completion of his seventh year at all events, and from thence until puberty he may place himself under either parent whom he chooses. This case is a unmortgaged example to quote that srilankan Muslim law provides a wide safeguard to womens in regarding the custody of child.Rights on matrimonial propertyShariah law cleanly defines the rights of women on property. The Muslim woman ha s always had the right to own and manage her own property. Marriage in Islam does not mean that the man takes over the womans property, nor does she automatically have the right to all his property if he dies. Both are still regarded as individual people with responsibilities to other members of their family parents, brothers, sisters etc. The husband has the duty to support and maintain the wife, as stated in the Quran, and this is held to be so even if she is rich in her own right. He has no right to expect her to support herself, let alone support his children or him. If she does contribute to the household income this is regarded as a charitable deed on her part.Because of their greater financial responsibilities, some categories of male dealing, according to the inheritance laws in the Quran, inherit twice the share of their female equivalents, but others, whose responsibilities are likely to be less, inherit the same share -mothers and fathers, for instance are each entitle d to one sixth of the landed estate of their children, after bequests (up to one third of the estate) and payment of debts. Women are thus well provided for their husbands support them, and they inherit from all their relations. They are allowed to engage in business or twist at home or outside the house, so long as the family does not suffer, and the money they make is their own, with no calls on it from other people until their oddment. Men shall have their share of that which they have clear, and women a share of that which they have earned (Quran433)From the above verse from Quran married womens are treated sole owners of their property husband cannot claim any part of her property while unification exist of dissolved. Moreover Upon marriage the husband is required to give his wife a mahr (dowry) which then becomes her exclusive property. A woman can work for financial gain, without any obligation on her part to contribute to the household expenses. Islam also gives her inh eritance rights, make it a requirement for women to get their determined share. Two significant features regarding Muslim women matrimonial property are Mahr and Kaikuli. Mahr is like dowry in other communities which is demand by bride and provided by groom when marriage is solemnized.Mahr is a sole property of wife and husband did not have any interest on mahr property. raze after the dissolution of marriage husband cannot claim the mahr from wife but if there any correspondence has to be settled on agreed mahr the wife could claim that balance mahr after the dissolution of marriage. kaikuli means any sum of money paid or other movable property given or any sum of money or any movable property promised to paid or given, to a bridegroom for the use of bride, onward or at the time of marriage by a relative of bride or by any other person. Husband has the ownership of kaikuli property but he is unresistant to pay it over to the wife if she demands it, even during the subsistence of the marriage. The obligation is to return the property to his wife whenever she demands it or, if she dies, to her heirs.Rights on marriage and divorce.Marriage in Islam is viewed as an important and sacred union between a man and woman that fulfills half of ones religious obligations. A well-known passage in the Quran discusses marriage as follows Among His signs is that He created for you spouses from yourselves so that you might find repose with them. And He has placed between you nub and mercy. In that there are certainly signs for people who reflect. (Quran 3021).Marriage requirementsThere are basic requirements for marriage in Islam. First, a couple must mutually have to the marriage. This requires both a clear proposal and acceptance. A woman also must have a WALI or legal nourishor present during the process. If a WALI is not present a woman must be past puberty and competent to make the decision to marry. Brides are also entitled to a dowry that is typically negotia ted at the same time as the marriage contract. The dowry is specifically a gift showing warmth and devotion to the bride. There are two types of dowries a bride is entitled to the mahr and the MUAKHR, first, the mahr is the dowry given to the bride at the time of marriage before consummation takes place. She is not required to share this dowry and is free to do what she wishes with the gift.The bride is often asked her opinion to make sure she receives a gift she enjoys. MUAKHR is the second type of dowry that is given upon the death of the husband or the couples divorce. This is also referred to as the deferred dowry. MUAKHR is meant for both financial support and as a large consequence that the couple should consider when contemplating divorce. In situations of death, this amount is paid out before the estate is divided. If the estate cannot cover the entire amount, the wife is entitled to collect the amount from the husbands surviving family members who are also heirs to the est ate. She can also waive the obligation for any reason, including hardship on her husbands family.PolygamyThe most controversial topic in Islamic law is polygamy some critics say this concept is is a distinct violation of married women rights. However now lets canvas what Islamic law says about polygamy and polyandry If ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly with the orphans, draw women of your choice, Two or three or four but if ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one, or (a captive) that your right hands possess, that will be more suitable, to prevent you from doing injustice. (Quran 43) Historically, the practice of polygamy existed before Islam without restrictions.Islam limited the number of wives to four and established clear rules and regulations for the practice to ensure fair treatment of each wife. Polygamy is an option and not a requirement in Islam. As was mentioned earlier, Muslims must follow the laws of the land that they live in as long as it does not contradict the requirements of the faith. Polyandry, or marrying more than one husband, is not permitted to maintain the childrens lineage for purposes of inheritance and protect childrens rights as heirs. Monogamy is the normal practice in the majority of Muslim communities due to the financial and emotional burden it carries.DivorceTALAQ is the word, used in Islamic law for divorce. It is an Arabic word and means set free. It is only in unavoidable circumstances that TALAQ is permitted as a lawful method to bring marriage contract to an end Requirements for divorce in Shariah Law1. He or she must have reached puberty and be capable of making a decision 2. He or she must be sane, conscious, alert, and free from intoxication or anger 3. He or she must be free from external pressure4. His or her intention must be clearDivorce must take place after the wifes menstrual period and no sexual relations have occurred since her period ended. If all the above factors are present, either the husband or wife can pursue a divorce or they can pursue a divorce jointly and amicably. In SriLanka Muslim marriage and divorce act provides clear guide line for the marriage and divorce part for Muslims. Most of the homeworks in this act accordance with shariah law law. In case of consent of the bride did not taken in account for marriage, consent of the bride is deliberate through the WALI (guardian of bride).This provision seems to be a clear violation of womens right however he movement for Muslim personal law reforms in Sri Lanka from a feminist perspective has been spearheaded by the Muslim Womens Research and Action Forum (MWRAF), a small group of professional Muslim women continuously emphasis the legislation to bring changes to ensure that the consent of both parties are obtained as an essential condition of a Muslim marriage and to make provision for the brides signature, given the fact that there is no space for her signature in the Mus lim Marriage and Divorce Registration Form and it is the wali or marriage guardian who conveys her consent on her behalf. However this pass has not been taken account by the legislation yet. In case of divorce, second schedule of Muslim marriage and divorce act defines the travel to get a divorce by women which obviously accordance with Muslim Shariah Law. Eventually the authority of implementing the divorce is vested with the Quazi.ConclusionSharia has certain laws which are regarded as divinely ordained, concrete and timeless for all relevant situations. It also has certain laws which are extracted based on principles established by Islamic lawyers and decides. The sharia as interpreted by Islamic lawmakers is believed by Muslims to be merely a human approximation of the true Sharia, which is understood as the divine and eternal go under path. In deriving Sharia law, Islamic lawmakers are not, therefore, actually creating divinely correct or ill-advised actions beyond questio n, but rather attempting to interpret divine principles. Hence Sharia in general is considered divine, but a lawyers or judges extraction or opinion on a given matter is not, though the process and intention to refer to Allahs law is divinely sanctionedMuslim laws developed from the shariah law are not merely reflecting shariah principles. It purely based on circumstances, traditions, communal influences and etc. as I stated earlier most of the critics from western society comments that shariah law lays some savage rules regarding womens. But actually Islamic laws are the pioneer laws which grant wider rights to womens. this article could only analyze the matrimonial rights grant to Muslim womens by shariah law apart from this rights shariah laws has given adequate rights on each social activities for womens.Islam provides rigid guide lines for pleasant domesticity. In Quran most of command orders the men to safeguard the women and to provide them all necessary rights and to treat h em equally. One of my favored quotes in Quran is The most honored of you male in the sight of Allah is he who is most righteous of you (4913). Interpretation given by Islamic scholars for righteous is maintaining the wife with equal rights from this verse we could realize how far the Islamic shariah law ensures matrimonial rights of women.Srilankan Muslim law is Constructed from Muslim social and communal structure which consist Islamic shariah law as a outcome part of it. SriLanka Muslim law deals with to the highest degree all social conduct of Muslims. Most of the matrimonial disputes arises in Muslim families has been amicably solved by Quazi courts which operates under Muslim marriage and divorce act. As we have discussed earlier part of this article srilankan Muslim law tries to ensure the married women right and it bound to operate within the criteria of shariah law. However the core concept of shariah law is to prevent party (husband and wife) from exceeding their limits. I had an interview with a Quazi judge who had come across more than 3000 of matrimonial disputes he stated thatMuslim Marriage and divorce act bound by shariah law is primarily intended to bring a peaceful hamlet regarding family issues. It provide safeguard to the married women for an extend, but we are required to act in moral manner which should give remedies for the weaker party (mostly womens). Moreover most of the divorce application initiated by womens and their husband are duty bound to provide adequate financial support to them even after dissolution of marriage this is a very essential safeguard for womens. As per the Muslim law, matrimonial properties of women are entirely be to her. Even though I wish some changes should be brought in Muslim law regarding the consent of bride at the time of marriage and the duties of register when he registers a second marriage -M.I. Abdul QaderQuazi JudgeAkkaraipattuFrom the above statement we could understand Srilankan Muslim law ha s given matrimonial rights to a Muslim women for an extend. But it should be amended to meet the needs of modern era therefore government should take essential steps to find put the contemporary life style of Muslim people and Srilankan Muslim Law has recompense according to satisfy the modern need of the people. 1 . Ibn al Qayyim (One Islamic Scholar, d. 1347) 2 . Arab Human information Report 2002, NY UN, 2002. 3 . U.S. State Department, Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1999. 4 . Quran Surah An?Nisa3 5 . Riwayat Musli 6 . sec 34,35,36 and 38(2) of MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE (MUSLIM) act Cap. 134 7 . S. C. 565-Board of Kathis Appeal 488 8 . 14 NLR 225 9 . (Quran 411) 10 . sec 47 64 of Muslim marriage and divorce act. 11 . Sowdoona v. Muees 1(1955) 57 N. L. R. 75 53 C. L. W. 47. 12 . Abu Dawoud, a companion of the Prophet, reported the following Omair al-Asdee was reported as saying When I accepted Islam, I was married to eight wives. I discussed this with the Prophet Muhammad who said Keep four only, and divorce the other four. 13 . See Hammudah Abd al Ati, Family Structure in Islam 54-56 (American Trust Publications 1977). 14 . sec29(4) of muslim marriage and divorce act.