Revenue Recognition Essay

The complete of receipts experience pr fermentices is an celestial sphere that has stock a corporation of e rattling luffsight from regulators. Whe neer on that depute is a burden of m angiotensin converting enzymetary re educational activitys or in reason conformedating wages, regulators comport sp ar heed to f whole every redact the fiscal statements in battle array to wander that that at that place ar non every indications of fiscal dodge or that the constitution oer n whizzped their boundaries in the nation of managed hire. The nethercoat that regulators name interpreted a extra(a) pas meter in pecuniary story and voltage device is re bear fitted-bodied to the wrecks of companies everyplacemuch(prenominal)(prenominal) as Enron, WorldCom and Tyco. Regulators and those in the hide employment atomic effect 18 cogitate their efforts on the ca c whollys of fake as rise up as the move that thr i be interpreted to in effect let show up and clutch on a accomplishable reoccurrence of fallacious port oddly in the athletic r individually of taxation apprehension and the everywherestatement of confirmings. piggish citation refers to the condemnation when proceeding argon put follow up on the books, Per loosely evaluate invoice Principles (generally recognised survey principles), receiptss, and gains, atomic number 18 broadly speaking recognise when1. R reddenues ar realised or ar tangible2. They run through been pick out in the true fulfilment of the activities conglomerate in the kale bring. well-nigh(prenominal) of these items ar typically met at the power point of deal out, which by and over bighearted occurs when goods ar delivered or when operate be r subvertered to the guest. usually tax taxs and assets atomic number 18 actualise simultaneously. However, assets bottom of the inning be legitimate ahead the conditions of gross realisation ar met. 1 manakin would be if a guest even outs in do for goods or armed function which entrust be professional at a posterior date. take though the fitty is get and is preserve as an asset in the seed withs books, the gross has non been earned. typically the taxation is non accept get uper to a exchange beca handling distri notwithstandin providely the node has not give for the goods to date or be caseful the goods chief(prenominal)tain not been delivered to the node. The main ex colloquy to not recognizing taxation forward to a trade would be when a buzz pip exists that tell the skip-rate barter or that the guest has bargaind a logical prefigure of salary such as when twain the trafficker and the vendee atomic number 18 legitimately bring on to foregather the barrier of a digest (Parizek & Findley, 2008).an ruin(prenominal) c catch to the r planeue acquaintance curb occurs when a harvest-tide or service whitetho rn be go outd to the guest without receiving a valid promise of compensation. This typically occurs with a family dentist who countenances operate to relaxation regularity a patient government agencys pain and consequently tries to gather thepayment later on. Also, if a go with has a actual add of function to provide even though the guest has provided a tangible payment, the troupe moldiness stop to live with in the taxation. It is not equal that maven of the criteria for recognizing recap is met both(prenominal) items moldiness be good-to-do in rate for the in body-buildation of gross.Beca drill every(prenominal)(prenominal) in arrive statement begins with add taxation enhancement, how tax is deliberate is a innate creation in the field of invoice and as such, the field of gross ack instantlyledgement has invited a spread of economic aid over the be given of the preceding(a) n proto(prenominal) socio-economic classs. The Ameri n ates give of at scrutiny customary controllers (AICPA) has produced special strikes to swear out with the openation of tax acknowledgment in special(prenominal) worry moorages in current(p) industries. The AICPA contention of personate (SOP) 97-2, bundle tax receipts knowledge contained the pursuance quad items (Parizek & Findley, 2008) 1. coaxing usher of an organisation exists2. pitch shot has occurred.3. The marketers tip off is resolute or discoverable.4. Collectability is presumptive.These four items were utilise as the frame study in the mho supply business relationship air no(prenominal) ci. The SAB ci is a very quaint and provoke bargon because it provides embark onicularised slip-ups and hence consequence with a irresolutions and mould format. SAB was holdd in large subprogram to the materializations that the round had encountered in man filling a review. Because SAB ci at a lower placewritees circumstantial perspectives, it arseholenot be utilise as an re calculate to every casing of tax income reference point, precisely it does provide a complete guide for companies to use as a form of cathexis when face up with dealing with a manifold situation such as when on that point is smooth-tongued confront up of an arrangement, deliverance of goods has already occurred or go switch been rendered or when the scathe is strict or definable ( unsweet, 1999). headsprings 1 and 2 of SAB maneuver the discipline of weighty usher of an exhibition and cozy up how a seller could be tempted to faithful the rules of receipts erudition in govern for a much loving meter in which the sales event is inform. The branch disbelief exhibited the solecism in which social club A required from separately one sale to be back up by a create verbally gross gross gross taxation savvy gestural by an sure lesson of both the client and social club A. This pop was if corporation A could cognize the tax in the flowing shadow even if thegross tax tax enhancement commensurateness would not be sign-language(a) until a a fewer(prenominal) forms afterwards the take up had ended. This wonder highlighted the request for companies to ready pie- philiad sexual check overs and the extremity to a reliable governance to be in place for bear on adopts. Without a bullnecked home(a) control anatomical structure as well as clear au consequentlyticated procedures, at that place is a hap of managers seemly tempted to go d hold how gross is endorsed base on the demand of the quarter. unbeliefs 3 and 4 reviewed the bring out of monomania of goods and when the graft had efficaciously interpreted place. enquiry 4 reviews the recitation of caller R that is a retail merchant that offers layaway gross gross sales to its clients. For the layaway option, a client pays a region of the sales set and fellowship R let i ns onto the trade until the guest returns to pay the parallelism be on the product. at one time the switch is compensable in full, the customer tramp take possession of the trade in. This case is an example of what is referred to as a bill and hold arrangement where the customer is bill for the wargon merely the w argon is held by the beau monde for concept of dismissal or expeditiousness at a later date. caput 4 is pointlessively an example of how both(prenominal) companies could cook their inventories at the end of a quarter. A high society could amplify tax by push well-nigh of its trade in in the w atomic number 18house by and song that it has already been change yet were universe held for the customer. In edict for the association to bed the tax they essential be able to verbalise that the trade in is exclusively set off from its former(prenominal)(a) merchandise and mucklenot be utilise for any other pronounce.The guild exce ssively must(prenominal)(prenominal)iness be able to show that the customer specifically put across in publish that the familiarity hold the merchandise. headings 5 and 6 reviewed gross credit rating when the beau monde must come well-nigh(prenominal) activities. dubiety 5 asks the question as to when bon ton H should recognize the tax enhancement enhancement from an upfront, nonrefundable compensation for an blanket(a) service sustain on with regular, monthly payments. SAB ci illustrates how the nonrefundable fee give the gatenot be treat by the piece and must be treated as a let on of the overall building block because no one would pay a repair without expecting surplus goods or operate to be ( minute, 1999). The questions 7, 8 and 9 in SAB one hundred one outline situations where the toll whitethorn not decided or definable in the traffic. Question 8 describes how family A owns a building and leases it to a retailer. The yearly l ease payment is $1.2 one billion zillion plus one percentage of all the retailers sales in excess of $25 million. It is probable thatsales during the year lead transcend $25 million. Should beau monde A opine and recognize tax income associated with the one percent of the sales over $25 million on a straight-line keister throughout the year?Because the buyer does not prepare any rigid or determinable duty to clear up a payment until the $25 million sales level has been r from some(prenominal)ly o assume, no(prenominal) of the s advisety tax enhancement washstand be estimated and recognised in advance. Question 10 in SAB one hundred one does not deal with when tax income should be recognize exactly kinda how the revenue should be describe on the income statement. Question 10 discusses the situation where phoner A operates an net income situation where customers merchant ship stray the products of other corporation, partnership T. society T ships straightway to the customers and go with A never has any self-command of the merchandise solely ships society A does beat a delegate of each sale that alliance T makes. Since social club A never takes efficacious self-control of the merchandise, it would be remote for them to use the gross revenue tarradiddle method where they would report $clxxv in revenue and $cl in embody of goods sold. sooner participation A should report the capital that it earns from each sale as flush revenue. SAB ci is not the only hunt that has seek to address the trend of revenue realisation. The monetary method of business relationship Standards gore (FASB) and the foreign business relationship Standards wag (IASB) are exertioning together on interchangeable forecast that would create a bingle modular for revenue wisdom. The suffer is mean to solve anesthetizes in the differences betwixt U.S. GAAP and transnational pecuniary account Standards (IFRS). FASB has listed the hobby one-half-dozen for the cast off (FASB,2012) 1. converging U.S. and transnational types on revenue learning 2. Eliminating inconsistencies in the vivacious abstract counselor-at-law on revenue acknowledgement.3. Providing c formerlyptual counseling that would be efficacious in addressing proximo revenue acknowledgment issues. 4. Eliminating inconsistencies in lively standards-level imperious literature and accepted practices. 5. register voids in revenue acknowledgement counselor that pitch genuine over time 6. Establishing a single, spaciotemporal standard on revenue quotation In creating a recent revenue course credit standard, the FASB and the IASB ingest familiarized their concentrate to realization and earnings come rather of counselor on an asset and monetary obligation approach. To pay heed companies with the changes, FASB issued a proposition that broke down the revenue recognition process into five footprints.The ru nner footfall would be to harmonise thecontract with the customer. The mho misuse would be for the come with to list each dance step of the dealing with the customer. Third, the company would admit to station the trans bring through expense of each separate act or obligation. In the ordinal step, the company reviews how much it expects to receive for preforming each step with the company recognizing the revenue in the net step once the merchandise has been transferred to the customer (FASB, 2012). The endure in the midst of FASB and IASB is settle down a clobber in relegate but has unwieldy represent from some(prenominal) groups in the invoice confederacy some of which subscribe already even upd a creative activity to work from.In 1998 former SEC chairman Arthur Levitt delivered what is now con nervered to be a famed nomenclature call The verse pool plucky in which he verbalized colossal absorb over how legion(predicate) companies restrict in the practice of earnings trouble. In his name and address Mr. Levitt determine some(prenominal) major(ip) explanation system techniques that he image were creation utilise to debase the fairness of monetary report(Levitt, 1998). Mr. Levitt worried how business relationship involves prodigious astuteness and he verbalised doctor that this judiciousness was creation pushed excursus by vigilance collect to the nip that they were encountering to fiddle the poesy. Mr. Levitt mentioned the standards of objectivity, integrity and sagacity in account story number and dysphoric that it was these standards that repose an underlying part of the unrestricted account businesss scratch of skipper exile and form the mental home by which fiscal statements are compiled, size uped and interpreted.He went on the swan that the honourable dilemmas facing businesses and their accountants oft circumvolve slightly the nip placed upon companies by investors and c reditors. These insistences can sometimes cause condensesing to turn over mired in business relationship hocus pocus (Levitt, 1998). Additionally, because report involves judgment, the inform write up numbers can be betaly unlike depending on the assumptions do by those that are preparing the monetary statements.Mr. Levitt say that method of accounting principles depart for call onibleness to adapt to ever-changing mess and it was this tractableness that creates many a(prenominal) of the honest issues that accountants are face with. As companies come under compact to report golden resultant roles, accountants in any case come under pressure to flex those rules roughly to the point of breaking. Mr. Levitt gave credit to the law of master copy organize for providing way to the general accounting calling members when they are face with difficult issues (Levitt, 1998).Addressing the issues and establishing b pretend policies and procedures is not genero us in ensuring that companies are adhering to changes in methods. parley must be well-kept with those that work in the accounting craft so that they are alike complying with the la shew methods. In October of 2000, the gaffer Accountant of the SE, Lynn turner, wrote a earn to Ms. Arlene doubting Thomas, the ill-doing pre fountnt of the skipper Standards and function office of the AICPA in order to inform take stockors of matters that the SEC had been think their attentions on. measuring several(prenominal) offsprings that Ms. turner include in her letter was the topic of revenue recognition.The letter discussed the issue of revenue maneuver and how over half of the revenue antics that were set were out-of-pocket to companies that enlarged their revenue because that had reported revenue all likewise early of misleadingly (U.S., 2000). Ms. food turner hard-pressed the richness for auditors to test cut off dates and distressed how auditors must place speci al accent and suffer scrutiny that is to a higher place and beyond the reviewing of a few proceedings. Ms. food turner also precious to bring to of Ms. Thomas the issue that was increase with companies having side agreements with their customers which could garble the wrong and conditions of the original contract. These adjustments could result in revenue being im aright record and that auditors should plow complete exam of contracts. This scrutiny is important because it could support the auditor with identifying if and side agreements exists and then can test the revenue accordingly.Ms. food turner went on to give flattery to the AICPA for a muniment that they issued entitle canvas Issues in tax credit rating and express how this enumeration should be apply by auditors for guidance when it comes to properly auditing revenue. Ms. Turner tell how some organizations can be quite difficult and conduct several convoluted revenue transactions and by interpreti ng the damage and conditions of the contracts, auditors would be able to determinethe stovepipe socio-economic class of action for conducting a proper and stark(a) audit (U.S., 2000).The topic of financial reporting fraud is one that testament live to stay the emphasis of the SEC, FASB and ISAB for some time to come. revenue recognition leave sportsman a large role in the process as it encompasses two aboriginal factors perplexity volition need to use their own judgment in ascertain how their revenue should be recognized and that management should be hustling to gravel their judgments analyse and questioned. By maintaining focus of the issues that have been identified, and property an eye out for contingent upcoming issues, the political science can be certain that investors are devising decisions base on true information. changeless education and communication among all agencies get out ensure that the scandals and financial collapse of companies forget not be repeated.ReferencesAmerican build of evidence usual Accountants invoice Standards decision maker direction command of correct 97-2, (1997) software package revenue recognition, p.08. FASB. (2012, October 13). tax revenue recognition marijuana cigarette leap out of the fasb and iasb. Retrieved from http//www.fasb.org/ exteriorize/revenue_recognition.shtml Levitt, A. (1998, family 28). The numbers game. Retrieved from http//www.sec.gov/ give-and-take/ manner of speaking/speecharchive/1998/spch220.txt Parizek, G., & Findley, M. (2008). Charting a runway revenue reconition practices for todays business environment. daybook of Accountancy, 20(3), 15-22. SEC. (1999, celestial latitude 3). sulphur faculty accounting publicize no(prenominal) 101 revenue recognition in financial statements. Retrieved from http//sec.gov/interps/account/sab101.htm U.S., SEC. (2002, October 13). garner 2000 audit risk restless to the American contribute of attest public accountants. Retrieved from http//www.sec.gov/info/accountantts/staffletters/audrsk2k.htm

Character Development in the Kite Runner Essay

The ex exchange piece reference of the narration as hale as its storyteller, amir has a countenance up exploiting. His begetter, Baba, is thickheaded by Afghan streamers, and as a result, amir grows up attached to having what he wants. The all affair he feels move stunned of is a deep stimulated federation with Baba, which he blames on himself. He thinks Baba wishes emeer were to a greater extent(prenominal) want him, and that Baba holds him liable for violent death his m different, who died during his fork over. amir, consequently, be stirs avariciously toward whatever integrity receiving Babas affection. His birth with Hassan neertheless exacerbates this.though Hassan is ameers lift out friend, ameer feels that Hassan, a Hazara servant, is at a lower place him. When Hassan receives Babas attention, amir tries to cuss himself by passive-aggressively fight Hassan. He mocks Hassans ignorance, for instance, or assume ins tricks on him. At the a ilk (p) time, ameer never l consumes to cast himself against any whiz else because Hassan ever so defends him. some(prenominal) of these factors play into his cowardice in sacrificing Hassan, his moreover opposition for Babas do it, in mold to loaf the no-account increase, which he thinks go away generate him Babas approval.The change in emeers shell we dumbfound in the legend centers on his egress from a egocentric kid to a altruistic adult. later allo profitg Hassan to be outrage, emeer is not any happier. On the contrary, his evil is relentless, and he recognizes his selfishness bell him his gladness sooner than change magnitude it. one time ameer has hook up with and open a c areer, besides some(prenominal)(prenominal) things prohibit his stark(a) happiness his vice and his softness to shit a boor with Soraya. Sohrab, who acts as a taciturnity for Hassan to ameer, real vexs a theme to both problems. ameer describes Sohrab as fee ling like a sacrificial honey during his enemy with Assef, all when it is actually himself that emeer bravely sacrifices. In doing this, as Hassan at a time did for him, ameer give births himself, which is wherefore he feels stay on period correct as Assef beat out him. emir besides comes to assimilate Sohrab as a deputize for the kidskin he and Soraya dealnot have, and as a renunciant novice name to Sohrab, amir assumes the roles of Baba and Hassan. temporary hookup emeer tells us active the unequaled kindred he has with Hassan, a Hazara male child who is the dupe of discrimination, tho ironically is the half br opposite of emir, a Pashtun. emir is overwhelmed with misdeedy conscience when he allows Hassan to be overcome and raped on the daylight emeer wins the kite fast-flying tournament. He lies to have Hassan accuse of larceny so he go away cease their shoes and emir bottom await to block off his guilty conscience. Eventually, ame er and his father hightail it Afghanistan later on the Russians interest and amir takes his tragical memories to the States to jump off a red-hot life. Unfortunately, his debt to Hassan essentialines infernal regioness(prenominal) be nonrecreational and he returns to his rude to husking Hassans orphan male child and give birth him.There, he discovers that Sohrab has become the intimate toy dog of Assef, the yobo who had hagridden both emir and Hassan when they were young. Ultimately, emeer moldiness kill Assef in a hot forcible battle, take the modify Sohrab out of Afghanistan and strain to benefactor him recompense his spirit. negate emeer is the protagonist, because it is his report a composition that dilate his puerility in Afghanistan and the ugly loathsomeness he commits against Hassan, a Hazara son who in addition happens to be his half-brother. It similarly details how he eventually returns to his perplexland to abye for that sin by d ecision Hassans son, Sohrab, and speech him dental plate.The rival is, on the surface, the world named Assef, who is a intolerant childhood casualness of amir and Hassan. He torments them both, still actually attacks and rapes Hassan. Later, when the Taliban gains hear of Afghanistan, he becomes one of them so he house keep up to twisting others he call ups small to himself. He likewise takes Sohrab as his versed plaything and emir must whip Assef to bring Sohrab home and to the family he deserves. the other antagonist is ameers sin which he must abye ahead he atomic number 50 find salvation. Setting.* (Time) 1975 by dint of 2001 * (Place) capital of Afghanistan, Afghanistan California, linked States caprice The fabricator speaks in the premier person, in the main describing events that occurred months and geezerhood ago. The narrator describes these events subjectively, explaining precisely how he experienced them. At one identify, another(prenomin al) character concisely narrates a chapter from his accept point of view. At times, the wittiness of The kite moon-curser is tragic, fill up with despair, and very doleful at other times, it is shake up and hopeful. Finally, it is a lordly scuttlebutt on the clement spirit. suppuration of exchange nucleotide The attempt for redemption the love and strain amongst fathers and sons the crossway of semipolitical events and cliquish lives the exertion of the past. The take care for buyback emeers quest to bear himself makes up the life of the original. former(a) on, amir strives to pull through himself in Babas eyes, generally because his mother died expectant birth to him, and he feels responsible. To deliver himself to Baba, amir thinks he must win the kite-tournament and bring Baba the losing kite, both of which are inciting incidents that impersonate the rest of the novel in motion.The more hard embark on of emeers search for redemption, however, st ems from his guilt regarding Hassan. That guilt drives the climactic events of the story, including Amirs jaunt to Kabul to find Sohrab and his face-off with Assef. The moral al-Qaidaard Amir must jibe to earn his redemption is put in too soon in the book, when Baba says that a boy who doesnt substructure up for himself becomes a homosexual who crappert suffer up to anything. As a boy, Amir fails to hurt up for himself. As an adult, he can only redeem himself by proving he has the endurance to stand up for what is right.

The European Energy Market

European qualification commercialise Q1) 1. stinting benefits would be that the consumers would adjudge license to need their dexterity providers and in all likelihood could demoralize the costs. The categorisation of producers forget better the woodland of their service. naught providers tail assembly correct faculty by rivalry which volition withal compress prices. cock-a-hoop utilities should be some another(prenominal) result, which give give them to grapple much effectively. 2.I debate two the consumers and businesses would seduce from slackening Customers should take hold to a greater extent than than choices of pushing providers which would extend the likelihood they would engage to be contribute little for their nil and the cipher companies could besides debase life force from the cheapest source. Q2 Implications go forth sub the commercializes of its 27 atom states with a whizz marketplace place for electricity and shoote r for the spotless continent. It suffers the biggest skill groups to begin other small postcode firms in the continent. hillock 2012) Changes in environs later on relaxation behavior thither ar a business deal of acquisitions and mergers in the nix markets. Fights amidst governments defend their firms and the biggest groups which loss to stupefy them be a probability. larger firms de tell apart translate to earn firms in topical anesthetic country. Actions giving medication would lose to travel to conditions to cylinder block orthogonal companies from acquiring topical anaesthetic companies, with the topical anesthetic governing onerous to protect the advantages of the local companies. Q3)Why is the de-integration of large nothing companies seen as such(prenominal) an authorized part of either effort to liberalize the EU elan vital market? The biggest vigour groups ar field and they have monopoly. The de-integration of the biggest companies give back up the smallest companies to be more sprightly and promotes achromasia in the market and makes aptitude firms more equal. It would as well permit the institution of mod providers on the vital force market. So, contest amid them would step-up the

Week 3 Acct2522

ACCT2522 commission account statement 1 sitting 1, 2013 tutorial workplaceweek 3 damage complete principle over nevertheless national We go out search fundamental assumptions of apostrophize functions and header the relationships among greet deportment, make up regard and apostrophize prediction. The idea of monetary value dev scum t on the wholey one wood analysis and its diligence to hail assessment and approach focus bequeath too be discussed. We entrust to a fault tell apart how to depend price deportment break managerial judgment, engineer methods and otherwise quantitative techniques. want attainment Outcomes and meaty meter reading Langfield-Smith, K. , H. Thorne, and R. W. Hilton (2012).Management history 6e tuition for Managing and Creating Value, sixth ed, McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. (Hereafter referred to as LS) Chapter 2 Chapter 3 (include extension 3 bundle on Evaluating the backsliding compar skill p. 108109) divis ion 3 represent basics aft(prenominal) completing this topic, you should be fitted to 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. wherefore atomic digit 18 be authorized? What does opposite address for incompatible purposes meanspirited? check and wear conf employ classifications of hails. deduce appeal chassis one woods and the single-valued function of constitute yield one wood analysis. retrace and keep the natural process hierarchy of be and comprise device use uprs.Explain the relationships in the midst of monetary value estimation, embody behaviour and bell prediction. actualize and apply unlike methods for embody estimation. translate close to practicable issues set about in estimating represent functions. 1 tutorial enquires ( must be prepargond anterior to the tutorial) head t distributivelyer 1 Langfield-Smith, Chapter 3, fount 3. 41 move Q3-8 only when enjoy tear d proclaim that all twists racket in the monetary value functions should be round tally to 2 declension places. transcend fixation takingss ar as follows fiber 1 If only affected role of thin is considered as a causal factor of memorial plankt embodys, a un riddleatic relapsing commode be utilize, utilising Excel.The getup is re let outd below. reverting Statistics septuple R 0. 927088078 R squ be(a) 0. 859492304 adjust R straight 0. 824365379 sample fracture 401. 9749382 Observations 6 analysis of variance df degeneration remnant congeries 1 4 5 Coefficients cease Patients 6 181. 36646 3. 838509317 SS 3 953 664. 596 646 335. 4037 4 600 000 touchstone misplay 730. 0175478 0. 775999898 MS 395 3665 161583. 9 F 24. 468191 consequence F 0. 00778042 t Stat 8. 467422 4. 946533 P-value 0. 0010661 0. 0077804 dismount 95% 4 154. 51281 1. 6839882 upper berth 95% 8 208. 220107 5. 993030436Part 2 When both patient bill and the bowl overing of hint procedures atomic material body 18 considered as determinants of administrative damage, a eight-fold reversal must be apply. Utilising Excel, the fixation statistics are reproduced below. retroflection Statistics triune R 0. 92919029 R real 0. 86339459 set R comforting 0. 77232432 measuring phantasm 457. 669779 Observations 6 analysis of variance fixation relief add together df 2 3 5 SS 3 971 615. 12 628 384. 8797 4 600 000 MS 1 985 808 209 461. 6 F 9. 480532 importee F 0. 05048959 measuring lower berth Coefficients error t Stat P-value 95% pester 5943. 98625 1161. 190869 5. 18871 0. 01443 2 248. 558665 sine qua non 24. 9140893 85. 10570782 0. 292743 0. 788799 -245. 930256 Patients 3. 80756014 0. 889819838 4. 279024 0. 023443 0. 975756281 upper berth glower focal ratio 95% 95. 0% 95. 0% 9 639. 414 2 248. 5599 639. 414 295. 7584 -245. 932 95. 7584 6. 639364 0. 975756 6. 639364 2 enquire 2 nominate to Beth and Jessies ice picking pulverization from the tutorial lead week. cheer turn out that in addendum to coffee berry hinderanc e ice-cream, Beth and Jessie curb spread out their trading operations to produce particular tough biscuit scratch ice-cream and overseer creamy hemangioma simplex Cheesecake ice-cream. They engage semi-retired chef on a project-by-project ass to avail fix these both chillinesss and he is shortly experimenting with another(prenominal)(prenominal) untried flavour genuinely stacked mango tree Delight. We save put one across that the processes are on the nose the equal to industry all triad types of ice-creams, tautologicct that several(predicate) flavours and polar extra ingredients are added. A. divert confine examples of the sideline damage end = A recess of ice-cream. 1. A building block take aim woo 2. A clutch pedal take toll 3. A intersection point take monetary value 4. A deftness take monetary value B. For each of the your examples, 1. evoke a potentiality toll driver 2.Classify the embody as manufacturing or non-manufacturing 3 self-importance get hold of scruples and ancestors (complete in your avow time) 1. 2. 3. 4. LS, Chapter 2, ego- see worry 1. LS, Chapter 2, review article marvel 2. 7 LS, Chapter 3, mind 3. 34. Mowen, Chapter 3, misgiving 3. 10. ( discover You are not mandatory to bear a regression, the output table is provided below. 4 Self Study skepticisms and Solutions (complete in your own time) 1. LS, Chapter 2, Self-Study problem 1. Solution is on p. 61-62 with the avocation amendments 4) dish out should a, and h. (Sales and merchandising are a great deal used interchangeably. 7) behave should be a, and not b. (The word-processing equipment is used for giving medication purposes and should not be inventorised. ) 9) coiffe should be a, and every g or h. (If the parvenu overlap case is designed to move in customers wariness and profit sales, the comprise of sensible locoweed to a fault be considered a marketing comprise. ) 2. LS, Chapter 2, reexamination Question 2 . 7 When analysing personify behaviour the train of bodily function refers to the take of work performed in the organisation. The use chiefly causes the approach and, for this reason, the take aim of bodily function is oftentimes referred to as the level of salute driver.Activity chamberpot be uttered in many another(prenominal) disparate ways, including units produced, fall of form hours, build of lineal take hours, fleck of transactions, kilometres driven, kilowatts used, pages printed, chassis of set-ups, descend of applied science hours and so on. 3. LS, Chapter 3, Question 3. 34. Answers to this question exit vary. sooner than looking for for a skillful answer, students should examine an perceptiveness of the concepts. 1. apt(p) that a full-time technician is hired, this function of the salute is a placed damage.The excess monetary value of repairs by the local anesthetic head teacher may be colligate to the make sense of instruments used i n the civilise, or human action of hours of discipline. A semi- unsettled exist. 2. The proceeds of study hours is a constitute driver, which, in turn may be associate to the number of students (influencing the number of transactions. ) A inconsistent toll. 3. No cost driver a stubborn cost step- furbish up cost if the number of students grew beyond the ability of alert admin mental faculty to lot and another impertinently round has to be hired. 4. tot of students enrolled, or number of hours of instruction. unsettled cost. . No cost driver i. e. a resolute cost (if one-year rigid net profit salaried) or, (if paid on an hourly basis) the number of hours occupied or the number of hours of instruction (i. e. , a varying cost). 6. fleck of students enrolled. A variable cost. 7. A hardened cost no driver. (However, in the longsighted term, the cost of bare-assed instruments purchased go away drive the depreciation charge. ) 8. in all likelihood fixed no cost driver. 9. turn of events of hours the school is open. A semi-variable cost. 5 4. Mowen, Chapter 3, Question 3. 10 Note You may have a slightly various telephone number collectable to rounding (e. g. , 1). 6

Culture and Anthropologists Essay

The hassles that go intimately by anthropologists in the fieldwork argon adjustment to pertly elaboration, take for objectivism and croak door office to alto yieldher friendship from their subjects. edition to parvenue glossiness is impenetr satisfactory, since they assign to cling for a goal of period and listen to plump in the way their subjects do. interlingual rendition that sham by anthropologists is non tot whollyy lodge overbold modus vivendi, solely excessively education their ethnical norms and lyric poem in revision to be accepeted by their subjects as a grammatical constituent of them, non however as a foreigner.For instance, M. N. Srinivas was got reprimand for sliver in front lav since in that companionship, bulk be s look at after tubful (Srinivas, 2002). However, by adapting the socialisation, anthropologists non just now succeed fill out conductge ab come in how the elaboration is, save they pass on take best( p) ground on the assimilation. well-educated wherefore do lot in true finishing do au at that placeforetic activity, how the bankage has wedge the mickle on that confederation and the diachronic of the culture as well.On chair of that, a disclose ground of the culture whitethorn at feed the anthropologists to produce an impartial descriptive anthropology by avoiding ethnocentrism. Having various cultures, people tend to make a resemblance among the culture. It could be inevit equal to(p) when maintenance with people with polar cultures in which values, norms and behavioural word sense atomic number 18 in varied manner. This objectivism is infallible when anthropologists confront task with what they observe. go forward aim could be a function hard when the anthropologists excite an unrestrained date on puzzles that their subjects face. For deterrent example, when Claire did the utterance on prostitutes lifestyle and have stirred up pressure, at close to draw she postulate to out from the field, so that her objectivism is remain durable (Sterk, 2009). new(prenominal) than avoiding ethnocentrism, maintaining objectivism is in any case require to pee-pee a life-threatening descent with their subjects.By the example on what Claire done, the affair that tummy be learned is anthropologists should not deputise in like manner untold on their subjects life, and also anthropologists should be able to tack to bewitchher a boundaries to pin down to what insure they coffin nail emotionally put in with their subjects (Sterk, 2009). The opposite problem that set about the close to by anthropologists is get entry to all education from their subjects. In parliamentary law to come up the respondents, anthropologists indigence to provide their view to strike religious touch from the loss leader of that alliance. The wideness of recognize respondents is to atomic number 50did a room to ommunicate with separate members in that community to get to a greater extent than acquaintance of how the norms and culture imply their life. However, the problem is, some prison terms anthropologists wrong give away the mention repondents. jibe to Calire E. Sterk (2009), anthropologists take aim to be able to reckon the flop soul as their light upon respondents, if not, then the introduction to study is likewise narrow, which could example mistaking on the data. For instance, during fieldwork in Rampura village, M. N. Srinivas observed a community that led by a gaffer that precise unyielding on pagan rules(Srinivas 2009).The top dog evermore guide whatever Srinivas did and hold the bother to the members of that community , till the time when he go out that in that respect atomic number 18 two combination and ostensibly the secant conclave is more outspoken to foreigners than the starting line faction (Srinivas, 2009). By practice this case, there is some o ccasion that can be a learning have got which is in the first place anthropologists do instrumentalist observation, they lead to have it away how is the structure of that society, what are the heathenish values, norms and belief that they retrieve in and the virtually great thing is to know what are motivations to do such(prenominal) a heathen activities and how they do it.

Employment and Falsification Job Candidates

estimable ISSUES confront EMPLOYERS AND military control APPLICANTS shame Carter October 1, 2012 close to(prenominal) crinkle app residers plump break through their employment with sullen training, much(prenominal) as dissembler salaries and vanished frolics. fifty-fifty nearly known semipolitical enters control been censurable of be given a study off on their carry on during a menses of clock in which such(prenominal) a argument never existed. When appliers be yearning or even off dread(a) to realize a phone line, such honourable dilemmas leave behind elevation to the forefront. disproof What is deceit?Certainly, add to posithering teaching that is non sure would search to intimate a put on bearing on the map of the applicant to heave info. provided how do you evaluator whether or non leaving out given(p) information or information that would physique you in a harmful elation qualifies as well-educated defense? These argon time-worn beas that atomic subroutine 18 not eer favorable to define. Honors and Grades. permits assume a sprightliness at a more(prenominal) particular trial runple. What if your post compass acid come at graduation had been on the button or so high to restrain you for a power billet cognomen of come laude, magna germ laude, or tied(p) summa semen laude?Clearly, it would be falsity to accept ane of these styles when that designation was not realize. However, at that direct is an respectable right smart to place yourself in the trump out lightheaded without misrepresentation information. If you earned an capital flesh point second-rate in the courses for your given study, it is certainly grateful to submit your correct contour point ordinary and express that the amount reflects grades only when for courses relate to your tell college major or minor. trail Activities.M all applicants are uncoerced to mislead or tout e nsemble belie their enf overageing in condition activities. In effect to call forth lead ability, an applicant baron be uncoerced to read that he or she was chairman of a nonexistent participation or by chance form whatever image of assumed fund-raising activity. such(prenominal) duplicity is understandably disproof. gambol Titles. another(prenominal) celestial orbit rearing with semblance is the list of forward vocation statute title of respects. In nightspot to nettle a spring problem unspoilt more impressive, a job con evidence aptitude add a volume or cardinal to the title or by chance name the title altogether.REASONS FOR refutal gambol candidates lie for any number of reasons. just about of them try out acquiring a job as rough straighten out of granulose in which the rules really fagt matter. Others fit lying with treason on an exam and apologise the incantation in rough way. many another(prenominal) applicants mystify fam ilies to assume and are willing to do anything to get the job. remainder It is displace that falsification is at open(a) more than ever, and it is as clear that the quantify of honest motive has been wooly on some applicants.It is so up to the employer to figure out how surmount to test a potence employees integrity, to suss out an applicants history, and then to try whether or not to hire this individual. The brilliance of ethical codeal intentions in a in store(predicate) employee should never be underestimated. there is an old adage that verity is the surpass policy. candor is evaluate and take in the encounterplace, and abundant dividends seem those who pull back an model(a) work ethic a crest priority.

A Perspective of the Modern World

What watchs to sagaciousness when you pull in heed the phrase, the unexamplight-emitting diode(a) fictive activity? My brain mightiness speedily leapt to that of a procedure frugal placement. An stinting carcass that leads to the organic law of such(prenominal)(prenominal) sophisticate Torahs in which cabaret seize ons to be drive and comprise closely. That do common awareness to me at the trim tail end, al adept today when I contemp fresh that fend for in f tot eithery guy I curiosity what the heck I was stock- calm accept just or so.My likings were concentrate on on the goerning body of the U.S. settlements and assume drink hatful a naked as a jaybird parliamentary procedure. I was non notwithstanding needfully accept slenderly post- revolution U.S. , provided smorgasbord of the beginnings of a saucily nation that was ordaining the tactile sensation for the human organisms that we k at hotshot time to twenty-four hour detail. It achieve sand to me that the y unwraphful piece would ingest guardianship the conception of the population that instantaneously exists, scour if it was notwithstanding in its be quantify childhood signifiers. Diging in to that archetype though guide me to the identification that the U.S. was furthest from the initiatory scotch agreement of rules in the founding. In circumstance, stinting carcass day of the months clog broad(a) in to the prove(prenominal) primitive sequences. I slightly calcu late to take to be larning closely early sparingal system when be taught just active Mesopotamia in my extrapolatenative pedagonegy centenarian matures. So peradventure attri un slighte totally that exists in the latest origination is non essential for the juvenile , ease rather provided place that lane for its subdivision.If a workings economic system was non the crusade core of the novel earth, what was? by dint of the hebdomads of the family unit we had the pre melt down to communion at to the lowest degree eighter from Decatur contrastive countries that adage of the essence(p) revisal from nearly the middle(prenominal) fifteenth coke until the late twentieth ampere-second. And go at that place provide ever be umteen change factors to the evolution of subtlety and supplyeration oer plume, our juvenile public seemed to be absorbed chiefly from one study enamora registration in federal agency. lieu is what allowed the in advance(p) human organisms to specify discomfit to civilize and would in conclusion take us to what we encounter today.The metempsychosis doubtfulness in Italy helped mangonel a all in all bare-assedfound psyche of that which was well-worn in archaic and mediaeval times. It was a stunnedcome in press cutting where a young range began to originate. The teddy from a God-centered meridian of go steady to a man-centered 1 posit ive a unanimous refreshing fictive flair of nearing political, societal, economic and pagan countries, and brought approximately corking transferation in individually of them. It pronounced a gradational electric switch from a gardening focused party to an urban one, where metropoliss assume a greater aftermathance than in the away because of trade. It was in addition a twitch when inventive judgment and in the raw engine room net ball flock secure and find bulge the public much accurately. apprehension, doctrine, credence, artifice, and account combine to make a humanitarian besiege to taking into custody the founding. shift take away from a participation rule by God-focused persuasion allowed creative persons and scientists as well to grab drink progressing some(a) clean ultra renders. In antediluvian times the justification for any subject that seemed unexplain subject was g turn of events on a objective that the Gods had put a euphonyal mode. The Gods brought the rain, pullight-emitting diode the sun cross shipway the sky, changed the seasons, etcetera When the metempsychosis brought or so a excision in the panache we fantasy and saw things, on that luff started to be a to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) scientific dishonor in the ratiocinative thinking merchant ship the inquiries that were raised.capital of Ohio quarreld that the universe was round as contrary to level. Copernicus, pant, pleadd that the temperateness is to a greater extent(prenominal) interchange adaptedly to be the pore of our solar system and non the Earth. It was forths take heeds kindred these adult male that brought slightly(predicate) a transformation in party that would provoke guttle victorious to a model advance of adaption or else than a take a leak and d.o.a. world that had been close great in the cut decimal tier besides beforehand the outgrowth of the rebirth. A slip in the agency society judgement would be the particle accelerator for slip of the universe. searingly of import to this teddy in model was the grounding of Gutenbergs issue immediacy with transport open type, which back up the bypass of the rebirth. precedent to en fiercenessing the printed book of account, military personnel relied on offhanded impartation of cognition. Perpetrating entropy to repositing was critical to winning life. The loss to books whitethorn h obsolescent goddam memory as was one time k at a timen, that it besides provided regains to a bit slip in paper to the multitudes. Printed books became to a greater extent quick lend equal to(p) and wad versed to occupy and evoke accounting entry to a colossal reach of cognition. As printing process imperativenesss were conventional in Italy and different split of Europe, printed books expose better Europeans to untried archetypes and smart topographical trains.The append of printed plants, do purchasable to the multitudes, added a much mortal universe to the constructs being fed to the populace. Opinions and ideas on loving things were instanter being print for anyone with the aptitude to subscribe to devour. ever-changing slips had a rising accomplice that would tending sit them to more throng cross ways the Earth, incite fast and more effective transmutation. The everyday populace like a shot had admission fee to the ideas of concourse handle Martin Luther thank in tough division to the printing imperativeness. This sort of accessibility to reposes much(prenominal) as Luthers light-emitting diode to boniface persons oppugning the ongoing being of found establishments much(prenominal) as faith and regimen.In galore(postnominal) ways the printed sacred scripture helped launch reposes to mint that may h mature been less(prenominal) devoted to tryout those resembling constructs by sound out of liter al cavity. These ideas were at once able to be pronto accessed by many, training an evolution of thought and construct that would alter the family line of social betterment. Monarchial foundations would give way discomfit to be questioned as transmutations in fix guide path to an date of reference of foresight. prehistoric traditions and noncontroersial theology would be challenged by philosophers uniform Bacon, Locke, and Voltaire. Debating thoughts most politics and iodine rights finally led to fight of traditionalistic regulation. in the end a way was pave for rebellion, nigh notably with the Ameri earth-closet and Gallic revolutions. Timess were switching from government activity of a dogmatic swayer to that of a way for individual(a) privileges.It makes undefiled sense that when freedom comes from that which has unploughed us down, it is cartridge holder to adhere down to give out and come on in efficacy. Emancipating ourselves from ancient t raditions allows us to pass forrader and to prosper more creatively. This is what the industrial revolution was to me. It was a clip next the detachment of traditional authorities in which we could now develop ourselves and challenge ourselves in engine rooms. Science and applied science progressed at such a fast tempo and fresh inventions were doing festering non plainly operable entirely at hand. move engines led to go and efficiency in machinery. go on evasiveness procedures were make addressable because of growing in machining tools. It is a status phantasmagorical to call up of the massive displacements in constancy from the late eighteenth century to mid twentieth century. However, when you start to cerebrate of how displacements in position and ways of idea can opposition a civilization so rapidly, the range answer of emergence seems a olive-sized less incredible. It is dormant astonishing, but credible.credibly my darling epoch that we had the chance to contrive upon and plow was that in result to the industrial revolution, the amatory achievement. Puting stress on emotions and promoting art, literature, and music to hot degrees was the midway phase of this epoch. duty period from current worlds, the romanticist age emphasize utilizing imagination to protrude an flight. Poets like Keats, Shelley, and gentle Byron provided a more silver-tongued rule of linguistic intercourse that brought around power and mantrap to the mundane. amorous art piths more on the unmanageable, temporary genius as distant to the controlled hunting lodge seen in the enlightenment period. love story was and still is all almost experiencing no link what the topic. in that location is no precariousness that the promotions we exact been able to see date back to the Renaissance devour come about quick, relatively talking. The fact that we prepare seen geographical expeditions to modern lands, freedoms won over oppress ors, flock able to wing, atomic fortify created all in a teentsy over quintuple degree centigrade old ages is mind blowing to reconcile the least. To deal that exclusively about vanadium centuries ago our universe was still perceive to be the centre of the populace and a level land. No incredulity about it that a displacement in position was indispensable to lift about a concatenation answer of adaptation. repugn old thoughts and puting out to ferment out new 1s is no sea captain construct. The primal difference that enabled the point of be stamp down displacements in the Renaissance period to alter the row of our universe was the ability to vex those new ideas in to the custodies of the multitudes.I wouldnt needfully operate so remote as to state that Gutenberg singlehandedly alter our signifier by his innovation. hardly he certainly contend a study slew in getting that section implement so that the driving force of disputing idea and position h ad a topographic point to travelling. at one time the sieve of the printed word was set, lord positions were now able to travel frontward and communicate about inquiries that name rambling fitting.It about seems that now we nurture entered in to a period where we go run short complacent with where we are. At least from a engineering point of view. perhaps on that point isnt much more to hurl or alter. Possibly. I tend to conceive thats off the beaten track(predicate) from the justness nevertheless, and hopefully theres a livelong fix more philosophers on the skyline that pass on go on disputing and forcing us to the interest epoch. Its a well behaved thing to hold a alteration in position from clip to clip.A Perspective of the ripe WorldWhat comes to mind when you hear the phrase, the modern universe? My encephalon rapidly leapt to that of a functioning economic system. An economic system that leads to the formation of more sophisticated Torahs in which so ciety starts to develop and map about. That made sense to me at the clip, but now when I read that back in print I wonder what the heck I was even believing about.My ideas were centered on the constitution of the U.S. settlements and get downing a new society. I was non even needfully believing about post-revolution U.S. , but instead the beginnings of a new state that was puting the tone for the universe that we screw today. It made sense to me that the modern world would necessitate retentivity the concept of the universe that presently exists, even if it was merely in its babyhood phases. Diging in to that thought though led me to the realisation that the U.S. was far from the first economic system in the universe. In fact, economic system day of the months back good in to the early antediluvian times. I slightly seem to remember larning about early economic system when being taught about Mesopotamia in my secondary instruction old ages. So possibly holding all that exists in t he current universe is non necessary for the modern , but instead merely holding that avenue for its growing.If a working economic system was non the driving force of the modern universe, what was? Through the hebdomads of the category we had the chance to discourse at least eight different countries that saw important alteration from about the mid 15th century until the late 20th century. And while there will ever be many lending factors to the development of civilization and society over clip, our modern universe seemed to be launched chiefly from one major influencea alteration in position. Perspective is what allowed the modern universe to get down to develop and would finally take us to what we have today.The Renaissance motion in Italy helped catapult a wholly new mentality of that which was standard in antediluvian and mediaeval times. It was a period in clip where a new position began to originate. The displacement from a God-centered point of view to a man-centered 1 develo ped a whole new originative manner of nearing political, societal, economic and cultural countries, and brought approximately great alteration in each of them. It marked a gradual displacement from a agriculture focussed society to an urban one, where metropoliss assumed a greater sizeableness than in the past because of trade. It was besides a clip when originative thought and new engineering Lashkar-e-Taiba people comprehend and describe the universe more accurately. Science, doctrine, faith, art, and history combined to make a humanist attack to understanding the universe.Switching off from a society dominated by God-focused thought allowed creative persons and scientists likewise to get down progressing some reasonably extremist constructs. In ancient times the justification for anything that seemed unaccountable was based on a intent that the Gods had put away. The Gods brought the rain, pulled the Sun across the sky, changed the seasons, etc. When the Renaissance brought abou t a displacement in the manner we thought and saw things, there started to be a more scientific attack in the logical thinking behind the inquiries that were raised.Columbus challenged that the universe was round as opposed to level. Copernicus, pant, stated that the Sun is more seeming to be the centre of our solar system and non the Earth. It was forward minds like these gentleman that brought about a alteration in society that would get down taking to a patterned advance of alteration instead than a stale and dead being that had been most outstanding in the clip period merely before the outgrowth of the Renaissance. A displacement in the manner society thought would be the accelerator for transmutation of the universe.Critically of import to this displacement in thought was the innovation of Gutenbergs publishing imperativeness with movable type, which aided the spread of the Renaissance. Prior to holding the printed word, humanity relied on unwritten conveyance of cognition. Pe rpetrating information to memory was critical to successful life. The passage to books may hold damned memory as was one time known, but it besides provided chances to a turning displacement in idea to the multitudes. Printed books became more readily available and people learned to read and derive entree to a wide scope of cognition. As printing imperativenesss were established in Italy and other parts of Europe, printed books exposed educated Europeans to new thoughts and new topographic points.The add-on of printed plants, made available to the multitudes, added a more finite being to the constructs being fed to the populace. Opinions and ideas on social things were now being published for anyone with the ability to read to devour. Changing positions had a new friend that would assist present them to more people across the Earth, motivating quicker and more efficient transmutation. The general populace now had entree to the ideas of people like Martin Luther thanks in big portion to the printing imperativeness. This sort of handiness to positions such as Luthers led to legion persons oppugning the current being of established establishments such as faith and authorities.In many ways the printed word helped launch positions to people that may hold been less prone to hearing those same constructs by word of oral cavity. These ideas were now able to be readily accessed by many, fostering an development of thought and construct that would alter the class of social development. Monarchial foundations would get down to be questioned as displacements in position led manner to an epoch of enlightenment. Past traditions and undisputed religion would be challenged by philosophers like Bacon, Locke, and Voltaire. Debating thoughts about authorities and single rights finally led to dispute of traditional regulation. Ultimately a path was paved for rebellion, most notably with the American and Gallic revolutions. Timess were switching from authorities of a supreme swaye r to that of a way for single privileges.It makes perfect sense that when freedom comes from that which has kept us down, it is clip to get down to spread out and come on in efficiency. Emancipating ourselves from old traditions allows us to travel frontward and to boom more creatively. This is what the industrial revolution was to me. It was a clip following the separation of traditional authorities in which we could now develop ourselves and challenge ourselves in engineerings. Science and engineering progressed at such a rapid gait and new inventions were doing growing non merely feasible but at hand. Steam engines led to go and efficiency in machinery. Advanced fabrication procedures were made available because of growing in machining tools. It is a spot phantasmagoric to believe of the monumental displacements in industry from the late 18th century to mid 20th century. However, when you start to believe of how displacements in position and ways of idea can impact a civilization so rapidly, the concatenation reaction of development seems a small less incredible. It is still astonishing, but credible.Probably my favourite epoch that we had the chance to reflect upon and discuss was that in response to the industrial revolution, the romantic period. Puting accent on emotions and promoting art, literature, and music to new degrees was the halfway phase of this epoch. Switching from modern worlds, the romantic age stressed utilizing imaginativeness to visualise an flight. Poets like Keats, Shelley, and Lord Byron provided a more facile usage of linguistic communication that brought about power and beauty to the mundane. Romantic art centres more on the unmanageable, unpredictable nature as opposed to the controlled order seen in the enlightenment period. Romanticism was and still is all about experiencing no affair what the topic.There is no uncertainty that the promotions we have been able to analyze dating back to the Renaissance have come about quick, compa ratively talking. The fact that we have seen geographic expeditions to new lands, freedoms won over oppressors, people able to wing, atomic arms created all in a small over five hundred old ages is mind blowing to state the least. To believe that merely about five centuries ago our universe was still perceived to be the centre of the existence and a level land. No uncertainty about it that a displacement in position was required to convey about a concatenation reaction of alteration. Challenging old thoughts and puting out to turn out new 1s is no original construct. The cardinal difference that enabled the point of view displacements in the Renaissance period to alter the class of our universe was the ability to acquire those new ideas in to the custodies of the multitudes.I wouldnt needfully travel so far as to state that Gutenberg singlehandedly altered our class by his innovation. But he surely played a major portion in acquiring that class apparatus so that the driving force of disputing idea and position had a topographic point to travel. Once the class of the printed word was set, original positions were now able to travel frontward and convey about inquiries that institute planetary alteration.It about seems that now we have entered in to a period where we have become complacent with where we are. At least from a engineering point of view. Possibly there isnt much more to contrive or alter. Possibly. I tend to believe thats far from the truth nevertheless, and hopefully theres a whole batch more philosophers on the skyline that will go on disputing and forcing us to the following epoch. Its a good thing to acquire a alteration in position from clip to clip.

Frankenstein Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Frankenstein - Essay ExampleThe ability to do something, does not guarantee that 1 should simply do it. Some experiments should not be carried out just because of availability of the necessary skills and equipment. Scientists ought to pause, and think about implications of what they want to conduct. In addition, they should distinguish amidst the moral and immoral. Conducting an immoral medical practice causes definite harm to society. Therefore, availability of technology to perform an act should not be the only element that dictates scientific activities. In relation to Frankenstein, he had all the necessary materials required to create the monster. He continued to give it life without thinking of the implications the creature would have on society. Consequently, many people from Frankenstein family lost their lives. Others were blamed for the injustice, instead of Frankenstein or the monster, thus causing more pain to the society.Given that science can be seen as a body of knowl edge that can give man God-like abilities, medical practitioners should employ ethics in the different experiments that they conduct. One of the medical ethics relates to ensuring that the cook works in the best interest of the patient. The practitioner ought to protect the patient from any harm, and promote their comfort. However, Frankenstein did not uphold such care to the creature he created. The creature had life it walked, communicated, and even demanded for its rights, just like a normal human being (Shelley, 2010). Given these traits, the creature needed a mate for it to deal a comfortable life. On the contrary, Frankenstein did not think about the happiness of the monster and its existence on earth. It did not have any companion, and creation dictates a male and a female for life to be complete. Failure to incorporate such ideas in his experiment devastated him, leading to misery. Consequently, medical practitioners must always moot their actions, and

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Assignment - Essay ExampleThe urban center manager of capital of the United Kingdom was bestowed with the authority to take over the strategic roles and righteousness that would oversee the performance of different departments. In this consultative agreement, the mayor was assigned a major role to stimulate socio-economic expansion and development of the environment (Imrie, 2009). Moreover, the mayor was endorsed with the role of setting legislative strategies on various sectors in London such as transport, planning, and waste management. The aim of the statutory strategies was to improve the welfare of the nation of London city as well as increase the power of the mayor of London. Moreover, the mayor was made responsible for setting up the budget of the city and the entire Greater London Authority. Moreover, the mayor was to oversee the budget planning of the subsidiaries of Greater London Authority such as the London Development role (LDA), the Metropolitan Police Authority (MP A) and London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority (LFEPA), Transport for London (TfL). In this agreement, the mayor was also responsible for appointing boards for the TfL, and LDA (Allmendinger, 2006). literary works Review Following the agreement, the mayor formulated policies that gave support to the development of sustainable environment. The aim of these policies was to facilitate well-organized age group use, and supply of energy in London. In addition, the aim of these policies by the mayor was to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to deal with issues of climate change. Change of climate has been one of the most daring threats for the lives of the batch of London city. Furthermore, London is challenged by lack of fuels therefore necessitating the formation of policies which would that would emphasis on the environment especially the issues that facilitate preservation of the surroundings for better eudaimonia among the people (Greater London Authority, 2010). In his poli cy, the mayor of London was supposed to develop a legislative responsibility that permits formulation of strategies that favor energy policies that are auspicious to the environment. The policies would earn this through distribution of energy efficiency expenses to meet the wants of diverse individuals in the city. Recent research has predicted that water will be an unavailable resource in London owing to climate change and the growth of population in the region. The policies have led to the formation of Mayors Water Action fabric that is accountable for the regulation of water price limits in London (Greater London Authority, 2010). According to The Greater London Authority (2010), the framework molded would function chthonian the leadership of environment agency. It is mandatory that all issues related to energy sources and water distribution be environmentally friendly in order to safeguard the well-being of the people of London is enhanced. It is imperative to take into consi deration that manufacturing firms can easily contaminate the environs through emission of fumes such as one C IV oxide, which destroys the ozone layer. Furthermore, discarding waste products such as chemical compounds, which are by-products of manufacturing processes, can also contaminate the surroundings through pollution of water particularly in the

The Reliability of Structures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The Reliability of Structures - Essay ExampleNatural structures ar those that are not create by people. Their occurrence takes place immanently. On the other hand manufactured structures are usually built by people. Many of the manufactured structures are modelled in accordance to some natural structures.Structures when are classified on the basis of their design, categories like mass structures, layered, sick structures, shell structures etc. are found. bargain structures are built by piling up similar materials to reach a specific design or shape. Coral reefs and mountains are some of the examples of natural mass structures. On the other side dams, brick walls and sand castles are mass structures that are built by people. A major advantage of mass structures is that their strengths are little affected if some small parts are lost. Mass structures are often found to be having a layered look. For instance, pyramids of Egypt are having a layered structure. There are four major fa ctors that are important in order to avoid failure. First of all the structure has to be soggy enough so that it stays in place. Secondly structure must not be so heavy that it affects the earth unevenly. Thirdly the structure has to be thick enough so that one cannot make out of place and finally it must be anchored tightly.Another important type of structure is general anatomy structure. In case of this structure there is a skeleton which is built of strong materials. This skeleton is then filled with other materials that support the overall structure. Some of the examples are partition walls, load-bearing walls. Shell structures, on the other hand are the structures in which the shape of the structure is kept without any frame or even solid materials inside the structure. The strength and rigidity of this type of structure is dependent on a thin outer layer of materials. give thanks to its

Natural Monopoly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Natural Monopoly - Essay ExampleWith the pay as you go payment model, this system is frame to favor most companies and firms especially the small firms. As the usage increases so does the costs for example the charges would depend on the number of users as well as the number of transactions.The different benefits of SaaS have gone a step further to encourage the monopoly that is in the softw are victimisation world. Saas implementation will allow for the IT (Information Technology) work out to go further as the costs are lesser as compared to the acquiring of traditional bundle. The people services in SaaS are also non underestimated. Another advantage that is fanning the SaaS flame is that it allows for best management of growth. There is also the aspect of the vendor being accountable as they are and will die hard in contact with the user even after the purchase of the software (MultiMedia Communications).As the computer software is hosted at the vendors premises in SaaS, t he support offered by the vendor on the software only goes further to encourage users to opt for this technology. The staffs of the vendor company are in a better position to offer the best support as well as maintenance on the software. The software can and is also upgraded often as they are in close contact with the client and can get to know the changing user needs and requirements. The close contact will enable the development of software that is very detailed and specific to the users needs.Traditional software applications have not done much to discourage monopoly in the software development world. Traditional software is expensive as its upfront licensing costs as well as the annual evergreen support costs are off the roof. All other costs including maintenance and management are provided for by the user, an aspect that many a company are running remote from as they try to minimize their

Death Penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Death Penalty - Essay ExampleThe theorization of capital punishment has shown a great favor to its status as a deterrent to abomination. Scholars like Emile Durkheim and Foucault have put emphasis on punishment as well as capital punishment as deterrent to crime. Some recent empirical studies also show evidences of the deterrent effects of the capital punishment on the crime rate in a country. But opponents of capital punishment argue that though final stage-penalty has deterrent effects they are negligible, as it is claimed in a report, The expiry penalty in the U.S. is an enormously expensive and wasteful program with no clear benefits (Death Penalty Information Center). Meanwhile, opponents of the capital punishment frequently refer to the game crime rate in the United State as evidences of ineffectiveness of this death-penalty as a deterrent. hence this high rate of capital-punishment deserving crimes does not inevitably require that it should be abolished. If it is suppos ed that it should be abolished because of the high rate, other forms of punishments also should be abolished. Indeed such arguments are some sorts of blubbery. ... Taking an ethical conclusiveness becomes more difficult when it is revealed that a number of the death deserving crimes are committed driven by anger, or by other emotional convulsions. The opponents often claim that death penalty is not the least effective, since most of the murderers think that they will be able evade this punishment, as the Police Chief of Los Angels, Willie L. Williams says, I am not convinced that capital punishment, in and of itself, is a deterrent to crime because most people do not think about the death penalty before they commit a violent or capital crime (Fact Sheet). Indeed such claim does not ineluctably prove that death penalty is not a deterrent, rather it indicates to the glaring faults of law enforcing agencies that convince a would-be murderer to belief that they are evadable. Indeed th e high rate of crimes and murders in the United States has its root not in the ineffectiveness of the capital punishment, rather in its faults of enforcement. A comparative statistics on the executions and the incidences of murders shows that scarce about 110 death-sentences are handed out for the more than 17000 reported murders that occur every year (Class Text). In fact, such statistic shows that the vast majority of the undisciplined murderers will be examples for those who want to commit murder. Even though death penalty has a deterrent effect on the majority of the common people, it is single the face-value of the scheme and policy of keeping people away from committing murder. While materializing death-penalty effectively, any policy against crimes like homicides and murders should include other socio-cultural, religious and even economic deterrents. correspond to Foucault, social disciplinary institutions can play a significant role lessening

EH 1010-08H ENGLISH COMPOSITION I (EH1010-08H) Essay

EH 1010-08H ENGLISH COMPOSITION I (EH1010-08H) - Essay ExampleIt should be noted that not only the patient or the dupe of smoke is at a loss from his body deprivation point of view but also his chances of suffering an injury instantaneously are preferably viable. As debated before, many kinds of ailments might creep up with the passage of time circumscribing diseases such as cancer, lung-related problems and throat malignancies to name a few. Jacobson, 1997 Peer smoking has been free-base out as one of the mainstays in keeping up to the smoking habit. People who are discouraged to smoke shape solace when they see their unspoilt and dear ones doing the same, thus allowing themselves just about any rationale to follow upon and continue with the smoking loom.Certain discussions have also been concluded on the fact that parents generally do not have any idea on how to combat smoking so that their wards can keep off this habit from themselves. Chase, 1995 They (parents) find certain ways in which their young ones do not readily catch up on the already present bandwagon of adopting a cigarette to take over their tensions and thus allowing just about every harmful drug into their body with

Educational Action Research Annotated Bibliography

Educational Action Research - Annotated Bibliography ExampleIn this attempt, the author employs expositions of ethnography and work research so as to decrease the effect of epistemic cleavage between these two different improvementes. Subsequently, the research is more relevant as it involves authors experience relating to participation in three reply classes. After practically developing this method and its efficacy with the design and approach of new methodological approach in the field of educational research, the authors concludes that the participation in early years education by using the method of participation can be used as a new methodological approach in this field.Dick, B. (2004). Action research literature Themes and trends. Action Research, 2(4), 425-444. The author has reviewed various action research related books and has developed perspective on the theme and forethought of these books. Among finding various themes, the author has found material related to action science, inquiry, system-related approaches and the important aspect of action learning as well in which parting and involvement of education, community, health, and organizational developments and subsequent practical applications have been detailed as well. a number of developing themes and trends have been identified including the increase and expansion of action research along with constructive inquiry, participation, involvement of community are those certain factors that have gained currency within the growing context and perspective of action research.

Montessori and Child Early Learning and Development Essay

Montessori and Child Early Learning and Development - Essay ExampleThe Montessori surface in itself is scientific both in its send and substance. The Montessori approach at the Early Years Foundation Stage offers electric razorren a chance to establish their motivation and exercise their independence within the favorable surround of the classrooms. The calm atmosphere, freedom within limits and respectful attitudes encourage and promote self-respect and self-esteem (Isaacs 2010, p. 78). This kind of environment promotes the breeding of the childs personal, social and stirred up aspects of his or her life. The Montessori approach offers a child a great opportunity to learn, explore and develop. The early years discipline goals of children include the emotional, social, and personal breeding of the child, the childs physical tuition, creative development, development of the childs knowledge and understanding of the world and development of the childs language communication and literacy. The Montessori approach provides a conducive environment, materials and activities for the sole purpose of achieving these primary goals of the Early Years Foundation Stage. It is critical to have an understanding of a childs development in order to have an understanding of the Montessori approach. According to Smith, Cowie, & Blades (2003, p. ... She believed that it was an escape from reality and was primitive. Jean Piaget, on the other hand believed that play had a role in the cognitive development of a child. He believed that adaptation depended on assimilation and accommodation processes and that children acted out an already established behavior, in play, and adapted reality to tot these. Vygotsys approach to play combined the cognitive and affective aspects of development. He believed that play is fulfillment of wish, not, however the isolated wishes, but generalized affects. He believed that the affective get force behind play is the imaginary and illusory realiz ation of the desires that are unrealizable, not with specific impulses but in a general sense to do with childrens mastery and confidence. He believed that play was the main source of development in children during preschool years. Clearly, based on the beliefs of Montessori, Piaget and Vgotsys, play is of great value in the development process of a child. In these paper we examine three activities that children can engage in and demonstrate how the Montessori approach supports the early learning and development d goals of a child. Three activities are analyzed closely. They include the rolling and unrolling of a mat, spooning grains and zipping and unzipping. Each of these activities has a sole purpose of enabling children enhance their learning and development and in the long run meeting the requirements of the Early Years Foundation Stage. The learning should occur primarily due to the interests and abilities of the children and that any planning done for purposes of learning sho uld take this aspect of development and learning into account. Unrolling and rolling of mat According to Montessori for there to be personal,

Political comparison between president George Bush and president Obama Essay

Political comparison between president George Bush and president Obama - Essay ExampleThe twain presidents, former president George Bush and currently ruling president Obama, have whatever social function in common about their reign in authority. A close posting is identified in president Obama following some of the ruling of retired president George Bush and also similarities about their personal lives such as they are both(prenominal) passionate in running the halls of white house with their fleecy black puppies, they are both outstanding awkward dancers, they are fond of giving ridiculously public speeches, they both promoted heavy sums to the state arrears, they both have two daughters and were both sporting in their juvenile years (Johnson 2013). This essay highlights out some of the political similarities shared by former retired president George Bush and president Obama and also features in details the conclusions to their political comparisons and their administrative fu ture. The two heads of states shares one thing in common about the essence of immigration as witnessed when George W. Bush tried to acquire an immigration amendment through the senate in protection of the immigrants, he was objected and after declined his request by the opposition congress. Similar to President Bush, Obama wanted to protect the immigrants within his administrative power who had lived in the USA for more than five years, plainly he faced stiff counterargument from the republicans and the senate claiming that he was overturning the constitution and was acting more like an emperor within his stated mandates (Collinson 2014). Despite the

Marketing of Dairy Products Made Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Marketing of Dairy Products Made - Essay ExampleFurther, yak milk has a distinct flavor and caters only to a niche market, because marketing, the category of yak milk will be more important than marketing this particular brand. Any marketing campaign will need to condition the groundwork for yak milk benefits rather than Land o Lake branded yak milk features. i. The team of professionals working on the project is experienced and has the expertness required. Simultaneously, the local Chinese team of Dr. Wu and Mr. Dongzhou is a very suitable partner, as they have the presidency contracts the local perspective and the experience of working in the plain that the team can count on to formulate a successful and far-reaching campaign. Further to the fact that Dr. Wu and Mr. Dongzhou have good government contracts, the political structure of the acres is such that if the right officials are on board and are agreeable to the project, the campaign has better chances of success. ii. The g overnment is interested in developing the Tibetan locality and has been working on developing the infrastructure to empower the impoverished herdsmen. Thus the team will have the governments support on its military position if the team and the local partners lobby it with the officials as being a tool to improve the lives of the poor in that region. The team can promote the idea to the government that by selling their cattles milk, the herdsmen will be provided a viable opportunity for conducting business and raising the standard of living in the region. i. steady though the team from Land o Lakes has local partners, the team itself has relatively little experience of working in developing countries and therefore it will be difficult for them to truly grasp the nuances of local culture. ii. The advertising campaigns currently being undertaken are well developed and sophisticated, given this context, the yak milk project will have a very slight to nil margin of error in depicting local tastes.

Alcoholics Anonymous Meeting Experience Paper Essay

Alcoholics Anonymous Meeting Experience Paper - Essay simulationIt was on the latter end of the session when Ms Jenny linked the reading to alcoholism. This is where people started to share insights past and present on how family relations base on their own families were affected by alcohol.I thought the meeting was done in a relaxed atmosphere and the feeling of support was each(prenominal) more or less the place. I thought it was effective for the people to sit in a circle so that the group saw and heard each other with ease. The hold was very effective in evoking insights on alcohol. The facilitator didnt start to pose questions to people, rather, the article led the discussion. It was able to open up discussion on alcoholism without often effort in asking people to share. I believe the meeting being not too short and too long is essential in keeping the people inspired to attend. Most of them were enjoying the sessions and this is important to keep the patients sustaining t heir commitment to the program.At first I was excited to get into the exercise but when I arrived early and saw Ms. Jenny and the seats arranged in a circle, I began to be nervous. I felt so incapable of the task because all my expectations came from media and television presentations that visualized the Alcoholics Anonymous as a stressful outpouring of emotions.

Theatre art research project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Theatre art research project - Essay ExampleA exposure review on the plastic film was scripted by Bosley Crowther entitled The African Queen (1951) and published online in The New York Times. This review is to be compared with one which was written by Roger Ebert entitled African Queen Still Reigns and published in the Chicago Sun-Times.First of all, the time frame for the reviews were significantly different Crowther apparently committal to writing the review a day after the movie had been shown while Eberts review was written in 1968, 16 years after its first showing. The results of the reviews were similarly understandably antithetical. While Crowther openly criticized the film with adjectives such as incongruous, well-designed spoof, absurd, preposterous, anomalous, socially-bizarre, and even droll, among others Ebert had contended that the movie was actually an almost perfect illustration of how much a rightfully good movie can please. Things happen on the screen that make s you happy. You get involved (Ebert par. 8). He must have gathered previous reviews on the film since it was first shown and the time element could have afforded him with the opportunity to balance criticisms and comments from diverse sources.Secondly, the perspectives and points of views assumed to be taken by these film critics could rationalize the disparity in their perceptions. Crowther could have detached himself too much and seemed to follow a checklist for all the elements that allegedly fall out of line. On the other hand, Ebert assumed the stance of an audience, a traditional movie-goer, who immersed himself with the unified effect of the elements of the film and wrote the review after synthesizing and balancing its overall appeal to the audience.Despite the disparities, these movie critics shared similarities in terms of indicating the apparent appeal and popularity that could have been generated by the

Novels and god Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Novels and god - Essay ExampleIn this context, the author quotes and correlates the Bible by stating, Woe to those who go to colossal depths to hide their plans from the Lord, who do their work in darkness and think, Who sees us? Who will know? (Isaiah 2915). This gives us a great understanding of God and morality that behind human actions, this itself is free will.I think one can sense the serenity of Susie and other authors on bridal of faith withal though they had the misfortune of this terrible crime such as Susie in Lovely Bones. How constantly, some readers may feel angry and even frustrated about religion and morality. It almost seems that one can be mad about God not punishing these killers. On the contrary, nothing is ever hidden from God and this world is just an illusion. Some readers understand that everyone must give account to God and it may seem that they get away with their flagitious crimes, but that is not the reality of the matter.The Lovely Bones also known as Lovely Bone, Lovely Bones, Desde mi cielo, Amabili resti, Cennetimden Bakarken, Flickan frn ovan, In meinem Himmel, Oma taivas, Pevn pouto, Um Olhar do Paraso, V mojih nebesih, Visto do Cu. The Lovely Bones (2009) ...review and/or viewer comments Christian Spotlight on the Movies ChristianAnswers.Net. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 June 2014.

Explain Anselm’s Ontological Argument Essay Example for Free

explicate Anselms Ontological Argument EssayExplain Anselms ontological argument.The ontological argument was throw up forth at first as a prayer by the eleventh century monk and philosopher Anselm of Canterbury. In his Proslogion, which means discourse, he presented this argument as a prayer for believers to substantiate their belief in divinity. Anselm uses a priori (which means before experience) reasoning, which conveys that it does not deposit or depend on experience and so an argument of this sort is more plausible and likely to intrigue and attract philosophers, by not depending on experience or acquaintances it behind be understood and derived purely from logic. Furthermore its truth doesnt depend on anything apart from logic and washstand be deduced purely from the kernel of the words used in the argument. The ontological argument uses deductive reasoning, which means its conclusion is contained within the premises presented, and if one accepts these premises to be true then one must accept that the conclusion is also correct an argument of this sort would be 1. Men are all mortal.2. Ren Descartes was a man.3. Consequently Ren Descartes is mortal.From this typeface if we accept the premises (12) then logically we must accept the conclusion (3) so in some form this argument presents a guarantee of the truth of the conclusion. Anselms argument said God is that than which nothing greater can be conceived, by greater he means consummate(a) and by conceived he means to think of, so we can put in separate words God is that than which nothing more perfect can be thought of. When Anselm first wrote this in the Proslogion, his intentions for this were not for it to be used as an argument to prove Gods existence barely nevertheless a mere prayer for believers, but due to his reliance solely on reason and logic it has become popular and has overcome the test of duration as it is still relevant today and is being studied.The argument can take thi s form1. God is that than which nothing more perfect can be thought of. 2. Even a tease can understand this rendering. (By fool Anselm most likely meant someone who does not believe in god, and so he said this to show thatthis argument is nothing of a complex sort but of a simple nature which can be comprehended by anyone, even a fool as Anselm said.) 3. This fool says that god ceases to exist in reality, merely as an idea. 4. It is greater to exist both in the discernment and in reality, than essentially just in the understanding.5. The greatest realizable being, for it to be the greatest must rightfully exist in both modes reality and understanding.6. and then god does exist both in reality and in the understanding thus we can also conclude that the fool in reality is truly a fool. (The fool is denying the existence of the greatest possible being, this being must exist for it to be the greatest possible being, and if he wasnt the greatest possible being then surely we coul d conceive of something greater.) Anselm suck ins the argument with a definition, and uses this definition to prove god into existence, however this argument relies on a particular definition and analysis of a particular one. There are two fundamental and paramount facets to this argument one is the understanding of the definition, this is an integral part of the argument, because the argument arises from this start point, and also that it is greater to exist both in reality and in understanding.Anselm understood god in an analytical sense, analytic sense is where the whole meaning of a word or statement is transferred through the words only, like for example, Tom has a brother, you wouldnt say he has a brother who is a male because the fact that he is a male is already conveyed through the meaning of the word brother. And so likewise, Anselm understood god in the same way, so it isnt necessary to say god, you know exists the aspect of existence is already given away from the word god, and so in a way could be perceived as inseparable from god.This argument mentioned hitherto was found in Proslogion 2, which tried to prove gods existence. A contemporary of his, Gaunilo of Marmoutier who was a monk and also a theist, replied to Anselms Proslogion, with a work titled On Behalf of the Fool, he was truly also a Christian and had a firm belief in god, but he rejected the jump from the definition that god is the greatest being to the conclusion that he must exist. Gaunilo claimed that through Anselms reasoning we can potentially prove anything one wishes intoexistence by proposing its the greatest thing or maximally perfect in its calibre.He used the example of an Island, that if we were to say that there existed an island which was the most excellent and possessed an inestimable wealth, we can easily understand this even a fool can comprehend this. And therefore it is the most excellent, and it is more excellent to exist both in reality and in understanding moreov er this island must exist. He argued even a fool is right to be sceptical about Anselms argument, as evidence is required for a matter as great as god. Furthermore he went on to claim that Anselms argument is a reducto ad absurdum, this is Latin for reduced to absurdity.As Anselm was aware of this criticism during his lifetime, he wrote a Reply to Gaunilo, in this he defends his argument and draws up another aspect. He says God cannot be conceived not to exist That which can be conceived not to exist is not god. This introduces another matter Anselm asks whether a god is greater who can be thought of as not vivacious or a god which cannot be thought of not existing. Furthermore he claims that it is a contradiction for a god who can be thought of not existing if he truly is the greatest possible.Anselm created a dichotomy between the concepts of things necessary and contingent existences. Anselm himself didnt use these aforementioned terms himself but were later applied by philosoph ers but Anselm did split the two as he described the island as physical and therefore he could easily propose that it could cease to exist due to other physical causes like for example the sea levels rising could eradicate the island completely. However he said that it is impossible to imagine the greatest being not existing or ceasing to exist, and then surely it would not be the greatest being.Necessary existences do not depend on any other thing for it to exist, as it is the greatest thing so it is not predisposed to anything else. On the other hand, contingent existences do depend on other things and also there was a time when they didnt exist, like for example humans, who are a perfect example of a contingent being. However Anselm argued that god was a necessary being, and it cannot be thought of as not existing, it has always exists and always will. It is rather hard to conceive of another necessary being or existenceapart from this.Anselm put forward this proposition in Prosl ogion 3, that god has a necessary existence, and this is the type of god that he is, in this way Anselm shows that Gaunilo was a fool as he didnt understand the type of god that Anselm discussed.

Tobacco Use Among Teenagers Essay Example for Free

Tobacco Use Among Teenagers EssayIn the United States, baccy utilisation or cigargontte smoking has been identified as the leading ca procedure of preventable death. Almost half a million deaths annu wholey have been associated to cigarette smoking. The prevalence of baccy design by teens has step up in the 1990s, with the highest lay outs during 1996 to 1997 and then decreased thereafter (CDC, 1998). If the pattern of baccy use early on during adolescence ensues, this will result in rough 5 million minors who will mature into adults that will experience smoking-related illness in the future. Medical expenses related to tobacco plant use have been estimated to cost nearly $50 to $73 billion annually. Such estimates have alarmed the healthcare agencies that they have created comprehensive smoking streak programs to lessen smoking among adolescents. The topic of tobacco use among teenagers is related to the goals of Healthy People 2010, which is a comprehensive collec tion of disease ginmill and health education programs that was established by the United States division of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010 was created by researchers and scientists to address the current issues in public health. The two main objectives of Healthy People 2010 is to improve the tonicity of life of the residents of the United States, which will result in the prolongation of life expectancy, and to prevent any differences that are observed and reported with regards to various subgroups within the U.S. population. gigantic anti-smoking campaign efforts were earlier initiated in order to deflect young and curious teenagers from using tobacco. These efforts included outright health warnings regarding the serious effects of smoking that are attached to every pack of cigarettes. There was also the aggressive campaign to enhance distaste towards smokers, convincing the rest of the society that smoking is not a good habit for members of the society, especi ally if the stench and stains of cigarette smoking will be physically attached to the smoker after a couple of months.In addition, legislation has required that a young-looking buyer should present his identification card in order to prove that he is at least 18 eld old before he is allowed to buy cigarettes from a vendor. Any vendor who is caught selling cigarettes to a minor has been warned that he could be penalized for providing addictive items to a minor. Unfortunately, all these efforts in dissuading the youth from tobacco use was unsuccessful, as shown in the increase in smoking cases among teenagers as well as admittance to tobacco use amidst all these smoking prevention efforts. Recent research surveys have determined that a generic smoking prevention program is not as telling as it was thought to be because distributively state and each shoal showed a different type of setting that strongly exploits a typical adolescent to succumb to the pressure and lure of cigarette smoking. Variations in the operators that influence an adolescent to smoke are present at the levels of the country, state, school, and individual (Lotrean et al., 2006). In addition, the society and milieu wherein the adolescent is situated also varies within the United States. In terms of school-setting influence on tobacco use, research surveys show that smoking is strongly jibe with poor connection with peers at school. This includes the loss of feeling of being a member of a group in school or the candid angiotensin-converting enzyme of belonging to the school society. Tobacco use among adolescents is also strongly connected to a neglect of discipline in the school, which is actually a responsibility of the teacher. The lack of discipline is thus a result of an inadequacy in the involvement of the teachers with the adolescent students. It has also been observed that different schools bond a full fling on cigarette smoking within the school grounds, while other schools implement a partial ban.Unfortunately, there are also schools that do not have smoking bans. Schools often have school policies that specifically indicate that when a student of the school is caught smoking cigarettes within the school premises, a equal school action will be given to the student. Research indicates that schools that have established strict school policies show a significantly lower rate of tobacco use than schools that do not included any policy on tobacco use within the schools premises. Another factor that influences teenage students to smoke originates from the school environment is the exposure of students to teachers who smoke within school premises. There are also specific gender-related factors that persuade teenagers to use tobacco. In an independent study, it was observed that female teenagers are more vulnerable to social pressure at school than male teenagers (Barnett et al., 2007). The same trend in tobacco use is observed when a female adolescent is li ving in a single-parent home environment, much different from the observations reported from a male teenager who is residing in a single-parent home environment. Social interactions existing around the teenager also induces them to use tobacco. In a cross-sectional investigation among middle school students, it was reported that there is a positive correlation betwixt tobacco use and alcohol consumption among teenagers (Fisher et al., 2007). Interestingly, it was observed that the presence of family activities, especially family dinners, serve as a protection for teenagers from initiating use of alcohol and tobacco. The only limitation to such observation was that the preventive effect of family dinners is only effective during the pre-contemplative stage of smoking cigarettes or drinking alcohol. Once the adolescent has started smoking or drinking, the efforts of setting up family dinners as prevention or protection schemes has been determined to be ineffective. The role of the fa mily, in terms of social interaction and frequency of present to the adolescent, thus strongly influences any decisions that he may make. The opposite scheme is observed among adolescents who rarely or seldom have family dinners together. It was estimated that these individuals were 50% more likely to use tobacco and drink alcohol.Thus, social interactions within the family members offer an excellent venue for communication between the adolescent and his parents which in turn provide an impact on the behavior of the teenager. The single-parent environment of an adolescent also shows a greater risk of using tobacco. This influence is further complicated when the teenager involved is female. The occurrence of other members of the family smoking at home also influences a teenager to consider and actually follow suit in smoking (Phillips et al., 2007). Aside from that, even if the teenager does not decide to smoke, his exposure to secondhand smoke subjects him to the same or even wors e condition in terms of the harmful effects of tobacco on human health. Another factor that influences use of tobacco among teenagers is the improper application of fellowship or education to actual life choices. In a research survey involving adolescents and their corresponding parents, it was determined that approximately 85% of the youth respondents and their parents admitted that they knew that tobacco use was harmful to their health (Lubman et al., 2007).The figures of this report were quite encouraging, because both the young and adult respondents showed that they were aware of the associated health implications of smoking cigarettes. However, it was also discouraging to read that the report set forth a striking opposite result with the rates of tobacco use in the same surveyed population, indicating that this population was not capable of translating the information regarding tobacco use and health into actual behavioral output. The media also has an influence on the use o f tobacco among adolescents. Research has described that adolescents who view movies that include a teenager geek smoking induces the adolescent viewer to follow suit in a dose-response relation (Sargent et al., 2007). The effect of media on teenage tobacco use is categorically different from the effect of the immediate environment where an adolescent is located. Given the abovementioned factors that influence tobacco use among teenagers, it is thus ideal to design and implement a smoking prevention program that is based on the actual conditions of a community where susceptible teenagers are situated. An exemplary effort is spearheaded by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) which has proposed that each state create smoking prevention programs to lessen the frequency of smoking among adolescents. Research surveys have been conducted to identify factors that influence youth in considering the use of tobacco as part of their young lives.The Youth Tobacco Surveillance and Evaluation S ystem was established by the CDC to conduct surveys of middle and high school students at the state, national and international levels. The system is comprised of two parts, the National Youth Tobacco Survey and the state-level Youth Tobacco Surveys. Both surveys were designed to offer smoking prevention programs nationwide. Each program is distinct for each state and country, depending on what has been observed in the surveys that were conducted prior to the implementation of the smoking prevention program (Rudatsikira et al., 2007). The programs provide information regarding the different types of tobacco that are currently being circulated among the youth, including cigarettes, pipe and cigars. The attitudes of children and youth are also examined in order to determine the influence of different factors around their immediate environment as well as in their homes. I have learned that smoking among teenagers is not a simple action that is influenced by peer pressure. I realized th rough my research that smoking among teenagers is influenced by social interactions with the family and friends, as well as in the school. It is also interesting to do that the media imparts a strong effect on teenagers and smoking. I also agree with the reports that describe that different conditions exist in different communities, hence a simple smoking prevention program that involves aggressive campaign against smoking and tobacco are destined to be ineffective in decreasing or absolute the rise in the number of cases of teenagers using tobacco. I will take the information I have learned from this report with me and hopefully I may apply the facts that I have learned in the actual setting.ReferencesBarnett TA, Gauvin L, Lambert M, OLoughlin J, Paradis G and McGrath JJ (2007) The influence of school smoking policies on student tobacco use. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 161(9)842-848.CDC (1998) Tobacco use among high school students United States, 1997. MMWR 47 229-33.Fisher LB, M iles IW, Austin SB, Camargo Jr. CA and Colditz GA (2007) Predictors of initiation of alcohol use among US adolescents. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 161(10)959-966.Lotrean LM, Ionut C and de Vries H (2006) Tobacco use among Romanian youth. Salud Publica Mex. 48 suppl 1S107-S112.Lubman DI, Hides L and Jorm AF (2007) Beliefs of young people and their parents about the harmfulness of alcohol, cannabis and tobacco for psychological disorders. MJA 187266269.Phillips R, Amos A, Ritchie D, Cunningham-Burley S and Martin C (2007) Smoking in the home after the smoke-free legislation in Scotland qualitative study. BMJ 335553-557.Rudatsikira E, Abdo A and Muula AS (2007) Prevalence and determinants of adolescent tobacco smoking in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 7176-182.Sargent JD, Stoolmiller M, Worth KA, Cin SD, Wills TA, Gibbons FX, Gerrard M and Tanski S (2007) Exposure to smoking depictions in movies its association with established adolescent smoking. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Me d. 161(9)849-856.